1. Прочтите и переведите письменно текст
Text 2. The Romantic movement
The Romantic movement in English literature coincides with the transformation of Britain from the agricultural and commercial country of the 18th century into «the workshop of the world». It coincides with the Industrial Revolution at home and the French Revolution abroad. It was (to simplify a very complicated question) the expression of the need of the British writers to come to grips with the new world that the Industrial Revolution created. In this task the old secure standards of the eighteenth-century ruling classes were inevitably insufficient. The old horizons were inadequate; a thousand new problems, new relationships, new ideas, came crowding in.
The writers whom we have come to see as belonging to the Romantic
movement were men and women of widely differing attitudes to life and ways of writing. Wordsworth and Byron, Coleridge and Keats, Shelley and Scott have, when we come to look at their work, remarkably little in common in the way of positive achievement or philosophy. But they have this that links them together:
each is responding in his particular way to the new situation brought about by the
Industrial Revolution. They have differing philosophies, but they are all in revolt against the mechanical and undialectical materialism of the eighteenth-century philosophers and its later development, the utilitarianism of the theorists of industrial capitalism.
The Romantic movement was not a literary movement away from realism. On the contrary it was the aim of the Romantic writers to achieve a more significant, more inclusive realism than the conventions of aristocratic literature had permitted. They did not always succeed, for it was one thing to recognize the inadequacies of the class-bound standards of the «classical» writers and quite another to achieve a satisfactory democratic art. For reasons which, from our point of vantage a hundred and fifty years on, it is not hard to understand, it was easier for the Romantic writers to sense that it was impossible for them to attach themselves any longer to the eighteenth century tradition, than to discover a positive force upon which to base their work and aspirations. Hence the tendency of a good deal of Romantic literature to lose itself in vagueness and individualist frustration and to become in the end romantic in the pejorative sense.
2. Выпишите из текста пять неправильных глаголов, и образуйте причастия настоящего и прошедшего времени (Participle I, Participle II)
3. Выпишите из текста все предложения, в которых сказуемое употребляется в страдательном залоге. Подчеркните сказуемое, укажите время.
4. Поставьте глагол сказуемого одного из предложений во все временные формы групп времен Continuous, Perfect в страдательном залоге, добавляя необходимые обстоятельства времени.
5. Выпишите предложения с Participle, I Participle II и укажите их функцию.
6. Выполните следующие грамматические упражнения:
6.1. Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в правильную форму (группы времен Perfect):
6.2. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в нужную форму употребляя время Indefinite, или Continuous, Perfect:
6.3. Переведите предложения с пассивными конструкциями.
6.4.Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на форму слов с окончанием –ing.
THE BBC
The BBC is based at Broadcasting House in London, but has studios and local facilities throughout the country, which provide regional and national networks for radio and television. It was created by Royal Charter and has a board of governors who, under a chairman or woman, are responsible for supervising its programme structures and suitability. The governors are appointed by the Crown on the advice of government ministers, and are supposed to constitute an independent element in the organization of the BBC. The daily operation of the corporation is controlled by the Director-General, who is chosen by the board of governors in consultation with the Prime Minister.
The BBC is financed by a grant from Parliament, which comes largely from
the revenue received from the sale of television licenses. These are payable by
anyone who owns a television set, and are relatively low by international standards (in 1994 J83 annually for a colour set). Under the government's reforms in the Broadcasting Act of 1990, the BBC, while keeping the licence-fee system, has been encouraged to develop alternative forms of funding, such as subscription and pay services, and must include independent productions in 25 per cent of its television schedules. The BBC also generates considerable income from selling its programmes abroad, and from the sale of a programme guide (Radio Times), books, magazines and videos.
The BBCs external services, which consist of radio broadcasts in English
(the World Service) and some 39 other languages abroad, were founded in 1932 and receive direct financing from the government, mainly through the Foreign Office. These services have a high reputation for objective news reporting and programmes. But, because of a declining radio audience, the World Service began television services in 1991 to Europe on cable subscription channels, and by satellite links in Africa and Asia. The BBC intends to develop the television service into a world leader.
The BBC is not a state organization, in the sense that it is controlled by the government. But it is not a state organization independent of political pressures as many in Britain and overseas assume.
RADIO AND TELEVISION
Now that practically every home has a radio, there must be some regulations regarding its use. It is a good idea to let your conscience be your guide. How can you enjoy any pleasure knowing that others are being disturbed?
Let the radio entertain you at its maximum power when you are alone, provided you don't disturb the neighbors,-but when you have company have a heart.
If the company wish to hear the radio, all well and good. But how can you find out without asking? Most persons when out visiting prefer to have the radio turned off unless for some reason they wish to listen to a special program.
To have the radio in operation when conversation is in progress is most distressing to every person except the one who turned it on. Other members of the family do not like to ask him to turn it off. The company must not ask, and so the thing shrieks at assembled guests until they are driven to distraction.
There are homes in which the radio goes for hours during which no one pays any attention to it. This noise added to the conversation has a disastrous effect upon the nerves. Of course, one could stop conversing if one didn't have so much to say. Radio presents an opportunity for one to show one's innate consideration and politeness or one's selfishness.
The preceding, in its entirety, applies also to television.
GOOD AND BAD NEWS
What do you say when someone tells you some good or bad news? «Oh, really?» is all right if the piece of news doesn't affect you one way or the other. But if you just say «Oh, really?» when a friend says she has just got married it doesn't sound very enthusiastic. Or if you say it when someone tells you he has got a terrible headache, it doesn't sound very sympathetic. If someone tells you good news or bad news, it can be embarrassing if you can't make a quick or suitable reply.
First good news. If it is something important, like a marriage, a birth, a success like passing an exam, «congratulations!» is the phrase to use. But if the news isn't so important, it sounds too formal. What do you say, for example, if someone has been clever enough to make a broken radio work, or work out a difficult mathematical problem? Probably “good for you”, or “well done”. What if someone tells you something that makes you feel envious, for instance, that he has
found money in the street? Your reply would be «lucky you» or «some people have all the luck». Talking of luck, when will you say «what luck»? Answer: if you have found it.
Now bad news. If someone announces anything that is too serious to laugh about, «l'm sorry», or “I'm so sorry to hear that” is the usual response. If you are really shocked, you will say «how terrible/sad/awful» or «what terrible/awful/sad news». If it is serious, for instance, if someоne has slipped on a banana skin and fallen on the pavement, the reaction is «poor you» or «bad/hard luck». But if you are not sympathetic when someone tells you his bad news, you din say «it serves you right).
LANGUAGES OF THE BRITISH ISLES
It may surprise you to know that until a few centuries ago there were many
natives of what we call the British Isles, who did not speak English. The Western land of Wales spoke Welsh; in the farthest north and the islands of Scotland the language was Gaelic; and a similar language, Irish Gaelic, was spoken in Ireland;
Manx was the language of the Isles of Man, and Cornish that of the south-western tip of Britain.
We're not talking about dialects – localized versions of a language - which often contain alternative words or phrases for certain things; but which are forms of English, Welsh, Gaelic, Manx and Cornish are complete languages with their own grammar, poetry and stories - all that we call a culture.
Strangely enough, there's a strong revival of interest in them. In Scotland
Gaelic Language Society has existed for eighty years. It's dedicated to preserving the traditions of the: Gaelic songs, verse and prose. And more and more people in the Lowland areas of Scotland, as well as the islands, where Gaelic is still spoken, now want to learn the language.
Since the early 1970s, more and more people are learning Gaelic and go to evening classes. Now people in schools can choose to take Gaelic for their final exams. In Wales the Welsh language Society was formed in 1962 and it has been fighting to restore Welsh to an equal place with English. In 1967 they won an important victory: Welsh was recognized as being equally valid for use in law courts, either written or spoken. In Wales some of the programmes of the fourth channel are broadcast in Welsh.


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