Контрольная работа
по дисциплине «Английский язык»
направления подготовки 13.03.02 “Электроэнергетика и электротехника” (бакалавр)

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Unit 1. What is Engineering?
Часть 1. Что такое инженерное дело?
А. Reading, Vocabulary, Writing
Чтение, Лексика, Письмо.
Read the text and decide if the following sentences are true (T) or false (F): 2. The words “engine” and “engineer” appeared at one and the same time. (F)
The term engineering itself has a much more recent etymology, deriving from the word engineer, which itself dates back to 1325. The word “engine” itself is of even older origin, deriving from the Latin “ingenium”
I. 2. The words “engine” and “engineer” appeared at one and the same time. (F)
II. The term engineering itself has a much more recent etymology, deriving from the word engineer, which itself dates back to 1325. The word “engine” itself is of even older origin, deriving from the Latin “ingenium”
III.
Прочитайте текст и решите, являются ли следующие предложения правдивыми (T) или ложными (F):

1. The invention of a wheel is an example of ancient engineering. (T)
The concept of engineering has existed since ancient times as humans thought up fundamental inventions such as a wheel
2. The words “engine” and “engineer” appeared at one and the same time. (F)
The term engineering itself has a much more recent etymology, deriving from the word engineer, which itself dates back to 1325. The word “engine” itself is of even older origin, deriving from the Latin “ingenium”
The words “engine” and “engineer” appeared at one and the same time
3. The word “engineer” has a military origin. (T)
The term engineering itself has a much more recent etymology, deriving from the word engineer, which itself dates back to 1325, when an engineer (literally, one who operates an engine) originally referred to “a constructor of military engines.”
4. Engineering and science are two terms (words) for one and the same thing
Nowadays engineering is a large field which deals with problem solving process for the good of mankind. It is closely connected with the science, but it’s not the same. (F)
5. Nowadays engineering is everywhere
It is in close interaction with such disciplines as medicine, biology, art, computing and many other social areas of life. (T)

HISTORY OF ENGINEERING

The concept of engineering has existed since ancient times as humans thought up fundamental inventions such as a wheel. Each of these inventions is consistent with the modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects.
The term engineering itself has a much more recent etymology, deriving from the word engineer, which itself dates back to 1325, when an engineer (literally, one who operates an engine) originally referred to «a constructor of military engines». The word «engine» itself is of even older origin, deriving from the Latin «ingenium» meaning «innate quality, especially mental power, hence a clever invention».
Nowadays engineering is a large field which deals with problem solving process for the good of mankind. It is closely connected with the science, but it’s not the same. It is in close interaction with such disciplines as medicine, biology, art, computing and many other social arcas of life.

IV. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the following words:
Прочитайте текст и заполните пробелы следующими словами:
Engineering, engineer, mathematical, design, discipline.

Engineering is the discipline, art and profession of using technical, scientific, and mathematical knowledge to design and put into practice materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and processes that safely realize a desired objective or invention.
The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development (ECPD) has defined engineering as follows: “The creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes and to forecast their behavior under specific operating conditions”.
One who practices engineer is called an engineer. Engineers may have more formal designations such as Professional Engineer, Chartered Engineer, Incorporated Engineer, or European Engineer. The broad discipline of engineering includes a range of more specialized sub-disciplines. Each of these sub-disciplines has a more specific emphasis on certain fields of application and particular areas of technology.


3.

Engineers apply the sciences of physics and mathematics to find suitable solutions to problems or to make improvements to the status quo. More than ever, engineers are now required to have knowledge of different relevant sciences for their design projects, as a result, they have to keep on learning new material throughout their career.
If multiple options exist, engineers think of different design choices and their advantages (or pluses) and choose the solution that best matches the requirements. The most important and unique task of the engineer is to identify, understand, and forecast the possible future result of a design in order to produce a successful product. It is usually not enough to build a technically successful product; it must also meet further requirements.
Engineers should foresee different available resources, physical, imaginative or technical limitations, flexibility for future modifications and additions, and other factors, such as requirements for cost, safety, marketability, productibility, and serviceability. By understanding these factors, engineers design specifications for the limits within which a successful system may be produced and operated.


IV. Answer the questions about engineering:
Ответьте на вопросы об инженерном деле.

1. What is engineering?
Engineering is the discipline, art and profession of using technical, scientific, and mathematical knowledge to design and put into practice materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and processes that safely realize a desired objective or invention.

2. What does the word ''engineer'' mean?
One who practices engineering is called an engineer

3. Why do engineers have to keep on learning all their lives?
More than ever, engineers are now required to have knowledge of different relevant sciences for their design projects, as a result, they have to keep on learning new material throughout their career.


4. What is important in engineering in order to produce a successful product?
The most important and unique task of the engineer is to identify, understand, and forecast the possible future result of a design in order to produce a successful product.



B. Reading, Vocabulary, Writing
Чтение, Лексика, Письмо.

I. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the following words:
Прочитайте текст и заполните пробелы следующими словами:
Discipline, testing, solutions, knowledge, evaluate, find, known

PROBLEM-SOLVING PROCESS

Engineers use their knowledge of science, mathematics, and appropriate experience to find suitable solutions to a problem. Engineering is considered a branch of applied mathematics and science. Creating an appropriate mathematical model of a problem allows them to analyze it (sometimes definitively), and to test potential solutions.

Usually there may be several reasonable solutions, so engineers must evaluate the different design choices on their merits and choose the solution that best meets their requirements.

Engineers typically attempt to predict how well their designs will perform to their specifications prior to full-scale production. They use, among other things: prototypes, scale models, simulations, destructive tests, nondestructive tests, and stress tests. Testing ensures that products will perform as expected.

Engineers as professionals take seriously their responsibility to produce designs that will perform as expected and will not cause unintended harm to the public at large. Engineers typically include a factor of safety in their designs to reduce the risk of unexpected failure. However, the greater the safety factor, the less efficient the design may be.

The study of failed products is known as forensic engineering, and can help the product designer in evaluating his or her design in the light of real conditions. This discipline is of greatest value after disasters, such as bridge collapses, when careful analysis is needed to establish the cause or causes of the failure.


II. Answer the questions about the problem-solving process:


1. What should an engineer do if there are many possible solutions for a problem?

Engineer must evaluate the different design choices on their merits and choose the solution that best meets their requirements.

2. How can possible solutions be evaluated?

Usually there may be several reasonable solutions, so engineers must evaluate the different design choices on their merits and choose the solution that best meets their requirements.


3. Why is testing so important?

Testing ensures that products will perform as expected.

4. Does the high degree of safety always mean the efficiency of the design?

Engineers typically include a factor of safety in their designs to reduce the risk of unexpected failure. However, the greater the safety factor, the less efficient the design may be.



V. Read the four parts of the text «Types of Engineering» (A, B, C and D) and put them into the correct order (1, 2, 3 and 4). Do not pay attention to the gaps:

Прочитайте четыре части текста "Виды инженерного дела" (A, B, C и D) и поставьте их в правильном порядке (1, 2, 3 и 4). Не обращайте внимания на пробелы:

C. There are lots of different types of engineering. The one thing they have in common is that they all use Maths and Science to improve industry and manufacturing. The whole science of engineering can be broadly divided into three main areas (or fields):

- civil engineering (buildings, roads, etc.)
- mechanical engineering (machines, tools)
- electrical engineering (lighting, electricity, etc.)

B. Each of these three main area can be divided again into specialist subjects: civil engineering covers mining and bridge building, mechanical engineering covers aeronautical and automobile engineering, electrical engineering covers electricity and electricity generation.

D. Clearly there is a big difference between building a road and designing a computer system so the best advice for students is: - think carefully about which area of engineering interests you most. It is difficult to study if you are not interested – and you may do the job until you are 60 years old. - Think about what sort of person you are. Will you be happiest working in an office, in a factory, or outdoors? Do you mind getting dirty? Do you want to work with other people or alone? If you like wearing high heels and beautiful clothes, you may not be happy on a building site.

A. When you have decided which area you are interested in and thought realistically about what sort of person you are, then you can decide what sort of engineering you want to be.

IV. Look at the passage of the text «Types of Engineering» beginning with «There are…». Fill in the gaps with the following words:
Посмотрите на отрывок текста " Виды инженерного дела " начиная с " есть...". Заполните пропуски следующими словами:

Tools, electricity, buildings, roads, lighting, machines.

V. Now look at the passage beginning with «Each of these…». Fill in the gaps with the following words:
Теперь посмотрите на отрывок, начинающийся с «каждого из этих...». Заполните пробелы следующими словами

Electricity generation, bridge, automobile, wiring.

VII. Answer the questions about different types of engineering:
Ответьте на вопросы о различных видах инженерного дела?

What are the types of engineering?

- civil engineering (buildings, roads, etc.)
- mechanical engineering (machines, tools)
- electrical engineering (lighting, electricity, etc.).

What is the one thing they all have in common?

The one thing they have in common is that they all use Maths and Science to improve industry and manufacturing.
Why do all types of engineering use Maths and Science?

They all use Maths and Science to improve industry and manufacturing.

What are the main areas of engineering?

The whole science of engineering can be broadly divided into three main areas (or fields):
- civil engineering (buildings, roads, etc.)
- mechanical engineering (machines, tools)
- electrical engineering (lighting, electricity, etc.).


What are the examples of civil engineering?

Buildings, roads.

What are the examples of electrical engineering?

Lighting, electricity.

What are the examples of mechanical engineering?

Machines, tools.


VIII. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Translate the idea, do not give a word for word translation:
Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Переведите смысл, не делайте дословный перевод:

1. I’m interested in a computer design process.
2. Are you interested in electrical engineering?
3. What are you interested in?
4. You must study hard to improve your knowledge.
5. Math and Science improve industry and manufacturing.
6. What can you do to improve your memory?
7. Do you like working outdoors?
8. Not everybody likes working outdoors.
9. Working indoors can help you improve your health.
10. Civil engineering covers mining and bridge building.
11. Your question covers many topics to think about.
12. Mechanical engineering is one of three types of engineering.



C. Grammar Focus
Внимание на грамматику
I. Add the correct form of be or have.
Добавить правильную форму, быть или иметь:

1. A small protein molecule has a molecular weight of about 10.000.
2. Light has a speed of 186.000 miles per second.
3. There are several kinds of vitamins.
4. 500 pounds is the maximum weight that this rope can support.
5. Laboratory equipment is usually made of pyrex glass.
6. Good stereo systems have a frequency range of 30 to 18000 cycles per second.
7. Gold coins usually have a composition of 90% gold an 10% copper.
8. Genetics is the study of the variation in heredity.
9. Although similar in hemoglobin, chrolophyll has magnesium rather iron as the central atom.
10. Fractional distillations are methods of separating portions different volatility from a liquid.

1. Малая молекула белка имеет молекулярную массу около 10.000.
2. Скорость света 186 000 миль в секунду.
3. Существует несколько видов витаминов.
4. 500 фунтов - это максимальный вес, который может выдерживает веревка.
5. Лабораторное оборудование обычно изготавливается из стекла и пирекса.
6. Хорошие стереосистемы имеют диапазон частот от 30 до 18000 циклов в секунду.
7. Золотые монеты обычно имеют состав из 90% золота и 10% меди.
8. Генетика - это исследование вариации наследственности.
9. Хотя подобный в гемоглобине, хлорофилл имеет магний, а железо в качестве центрального атома.
10. Дробные дистилляции представляют собой способы отделения порций от различной летучести от жидкости.
II. Complete the incomplete sentences with the appropriate form of be or have.
Завершить незаконченные предложения с соответствующей формой быть или иметь.

1. The boiling point of water is 212 oF.
2. Carbon monoxide and sulfur oxides are the most common pollutants.
3. Invertebrates have no backbones.
4. Benzene has six carbon atoms and six hydrogen.
5. Our solar system has nine planets.
6. Scientific textbooks are quite expensive.
7. Paleontology is the study of fossils and other forms of life.
8. Iron and potassium both have ten isotopes.
9. An evergreen tree is leaves all year round.



III. Write the correct form of the verb in the blank.
Напишите правильную форму глагола в пропущенном месте.

1. Water boils at 100 C.
2. An astronomer observes the universe through optical and radio telescopes.
3. Red blood cells circulate in the circulatory system.
4. The corrosion of silver produces silver sulphide.
5. A rheostat varies the current in a circuit.
6. The stomata in a leaf open and closes to allow the exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide.
7. Children usually resemble their parents.
8. A well-equipped laboratory supplies water, air and steam.
9. Many international students major in technological fields.
10. The nervous system is a mechanism by which an animal perceives and responds to its environment.


IV. Put the verb in the sentences in the correct tense, Present Simple or Present Progressive.
Поставьте глагол в предложениях в правильное время, настоящее простое или настоящее продолженное время.


1) Ms. Davis teaches Maths. (Present Simple)
2) Classes start at nine o'clock. (Present Simple)
3) Alec is taking an HND course. (Present Progressive)
4) He is studying at Telford College this year. (Present Progressive)
5) On Tuesdays, he studies in the library. (Present Simple)
6) He wants to be a Civil Engineering. (Present Simple)
7) He is working on a project about a new bridge. (Present Progressive)
8) A lot of local people do not like the proposal. (Present Simple)



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