Электрофизиологическое и структурное ремоделирование миокарда у пациентов различных возрастных групп, получающих полихимиотерапию по поводу рака молочной железы
Патология сердечно-сосудистой системы и злокачественные новообразования являются основными причинами смерти в развитых странах, при этом в последние годы отмечается тенденция превалирования онкопатологии в структуре причин смерти, опережая заболевания сердца и сосудов. Стоит отметить, что у онкологических больных значительно повышен риск возникновения сердечно-сосудистой патологии. При этом сам онкологический процесс и сопутствующая терапия часто оказывают неблагоприятное влияние на структуру и функцию сердечно-сосудистой системы. Таким образом, целью данного исследования являлась оценка влияния ремоделирования миокарда, возникающего в ответ на проведение химиотерапии в группе женщин с низким риском кардиальных осложнений и с диагностированным неметастатическим раком молочной железы, на развитие сердечно-сосудисто недостаточности во время и после проведения химиотерапии.
Задачи данного исследования:
1. Изучить научную литературу, касающуюся темы исследования.
2. Выяснить какие диагностические исследования наиболее объективны в данной области.
3. Произвести сравнительный анализ данных периодического скрининга пациенток различных возрастных групп с диагностированным неметастатическим раком молочной железы, получающих полихимиотерапию препаратами, обладающими кардиотоксическими эффектами.
4. Уточнить взаимосвязь между показателями внутрисердечной гемодинамики, структурно-функциональными изменениями миокарда и тропонином I.
Практическая значимость проведенного исследования заключается в том, что адекватная предварительная стратификация риска кардиотоксичности и раннее выявление и лечение субклинического поражения сердца могут позволить онкологам избежать отмены химиотерапии, а кардиологам улучшить прогноз пациента, избежав необратимой сердечно-сосудистой дисфункции.
Научная новизна данного исследования заключается в обобщении имеющихся данных о кардиотоксичности химиотерапевтических препаратов, факторах риска, механизмах возникновения, стратификации пациентов по группам риска, клинических проявлениях, методах профилактики, диагностики и лечении рассматриваемой в данном исследовании патологии, а так же анализе пула пициенток отделения онкологии и паллиативной помощи на базе ФГБУЗ СПб КБ РАН.
Препараты, применяемые в течение многих лет при лечении рака молочной железы, такие как антрациклины и трастузумаб, часто бывают ассоциированы с развитием кардиотоксичности. Увеличение продолжительности жизни онкологических больных и проявление побочных эффектов химиотерапии поставили перед врачами новые и важные задачи. Раннее выявление кардиотоксичности и грамотное ведение таких пациентов в настоящее время являются критическими вопросами для врачей кардиологического и онкологического профилей. Распознавание кардиологических осложнений, связанных с лечением рака, является сложной задачей. Выявление пациентов, которые подвержены повышенному риску сердечно-сосудистых проблем, связанных с противоопухолевым лечением, или у которых развиваются побочные эффекты после лечения, является основным компонентом развивающейся области - кардиоонкологии. Работая вместе с онкологами, кардиологи могут предложить жизненно важную поддержку тем, кто, в первую очередь, занимается лечением онкологических больных, оптимизируя терапию. Изучение потребностей пациентов этого непростого профиля требует тщательного соблюдения баланса: чрезмерная озабоченность потенциально обратимыми сердечными проблемами может поставить под угрозу назначение высокоэффективных противораковых методов лечения, в то время как недооценка сердечного риска может привести к пожизненным сердечным проблемам для пациента, который был излечен от рака. Знание о кардиотоксических эффектах противораковых агентов в совокупности со знанием специфики злокачественного новообразования и вероятности ответа опухоли на химиотерапию, дает таким пациентам наибольшие шансы на высокую продолжительность и качество жизни.
1. ESC Position Paper on cancer treatments and cardiovascular toxicity developed under the auspices of the ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines / The Task Force for cancer treatments and cardiovascular toxicity of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) // European Heart Journal. - 2016. - Vol. 21. - № 37. - Р. 2768-2801.
2. Cardinale D., Colombo A., Lamantia G. et al. Cardiooncology: a new medical issue. // Ecancermedicalscience. - 2008. - Vol. 2. - № 126.
3. Дундуа Д.П., Стаферов А.В., Сорокин А.В., Кедрова А.Г. Кардиоонкология: влияние химиотерапевтических препаратов и лучевой терапии на сердечно-сосудистую систему // Клиническая практика. - 2016. - № 4. - С. 41-48.
4. Zamorano JL, Lancellotti P, Rodriguez Muñoz D, et al. 2016 ESC Position Paper on cancer treatments and cardiovascular toxicity developed under the auspices of the ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines: the Task Force for cancer treatments and cardiovascular toxicity of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).// European Heart Journal. - 2016. - № 37. P. - 2768-2801.
5. M. G. Khouri, P. S. Douglas, J. R. Mackey et al. Cancer therapy-induced cardiac toxicity in early breast cancer: addressing the unresolved issues // Circulation. - No 126. - Р. 2749-2763.
6. S. Limat, E. Daguindau, J. Y. Cahn et al. Incidence and risk-factors of CHOP/R-CHOP-related cardiotoxicity in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma// Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics – 2014. – No 39. - Р. 168-174.
7. P. S. Hall, L. C. Harshman, S. Srinivas, R. M. Witteles The frequency and severity of cardiovascular toxicity from targeted therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma patients// JACC Heart Failure. – 2013. - No 1. - Р. 72-78.
8. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2016. // CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. - 2016. № 66. P. 7-30.
9. Tao Z, Shi A, Lu C, Song T, Zhang Z, Zhao J. Breast cancer: epidemiology and etiology. // Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics. - 2015. № 72. P. 333-338.
10. Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Miller D, Bishop K, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z, Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2014, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, based on November 2016 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2017.
11. Mertens AC, Liu Q, Neglia JP, Wasilewski K, Leisenring W, Armstrong GT, Robison LL, Yasui Y. Cause-specific late mortality among 5-year survivors of childhood cancer: the childhood cancer survivor study. // Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - 2008. № 100. - P. 1368-1379.
12. Patnaik JL, Byers T, Di Guiseppi C, Dabelea D, Denberg TD. Cardiovascular disease competes with breast cancer as the leading cause of death for older females diagnosed with breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study. // Breast Cancer Research. - 2011. - № 13.
13. Shan K, Lincoff AM, Young JB. Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. // Annals of Internal Medicine. - 1996. - № 125. - P. 47-58.
14. Felker GM, Thompson RE, Hare JM, Hruban RH, Clemetson DE, Howard DL, Baughman KL, Kasper EK. Underlying causes and long-term survival in patients with initially unexplained cardiomyopathy. // The New England Journal of Medicine. - 2000. - № 342. - P. 1077-1084.
15. Стенина М.Б., Гладков О.А., Копп М.В., Королева И.А., Малыгин С.Е., Портной С.М. и др. // Практические рекомендации по коррекции кардиоваскулярной токсичности, индуцированной химиотерапией и таргетными препаратами. -2014. - C. 360-368.
16. Suter TM, Ewer MS. Cancer drugs and the heart: importance and management. // European Heart Journal. - 2013. - P. 1102-1111.
17. Ewer MS, Von Hoff DD, Benjamin RS. A historical perspective of anthracycline cardiotoxicity. // Heart Failure Clinics. - 2011. - № 7. - P. 363–372.
18. Cardinale D, Sandri MT, Martinoni A, Borghini E, Civelli M, Lamantia G, Cinieri S, Martinelli G, Fiorentini C, Cipolla CM. Myocardial injury revealed by plasma troponin I in breast cancer treated with high-dose chemotherapy. // Annals of Oncology. - 2002. - № 13. - P. 710-715.
19. Ewer MS, Ali MK, Mackay B, Wallace S, Valdivieso M, Legha SS, Benjamin RS, Haynie TP. A comparison of cardiac biopsy grades and ejection fraction estimations in patients receiving Adriamycin. // Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 1984. - № 2 - P. 112-117.
20. Smith LA, Cornelius VR, Plummer CJ, Levitt G, Verrill M, Canney P, Jones A. Cardiotoxicity of anthracycline agents for the treatment of cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. // BMC Cancer. - 2010. - № 10. - P. 337.
21. Swain SM, Whaley FS, Ewer MS. Congestive heart failure in patients treated with doxorubicin: a retrospective analysis of three trials. // Cancer. - 2003. - № 97 - P. 2869-2879.
22. Von Hoff D, Layard M, Basa P, Davis H, von Hoff A, Rozencweig M, Muggia F. Risk factors for doxorubicin-induced congestive heart failure. // Annals of Internal Medicine. - 1979. - № 91. - P. 710-717.
23. Gianni L, Herman EH, Lipshultz SE, Minotti G, Sarvazyan N, Sawyer DB. Anthracycline cardiotoxicity: from bench to bedside. // Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 2008. - № 26. - P. 3777-3784.
24. Force T, Krause DS, Van Etten RA. Molecular mechanisms of cardiotoxicity of tyrosine kinase inhibition. // Nature Reviews Cancer. - 2007. - № 7. - P. 332-344.
25. Perez EA, Romond EH, Suman VJ, Jeong JH, Davidson NE, Geyer CE Jr, Martino S, Mamounas EP, Kaufman PA, Wolmark N. Four-year follow-up of trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer: joint analysis of data from NCCTG N9831 and NSABP B-31. // Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 2011. - № 29. - P. 3366-3373.
26. Bang YJ, Van Cutsem E, Feyereislova A, Chung HC, Shen L, Sawaki A, Lordick F, Ohtsu A, Omuro Y, Satoh T et al. Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (ToGA): a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial. // Lancet. - 2010. - № 376. - P. 687-697.
27. Slamon D, Leyland-Jones B, Shak S, Fuchs H, Paton V, Bajamonde A, Fleming T, Eiermann W, Wolter J, Pegram M et al. Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2. // The New England Journal of Medicine. - 2001. - № 344. - P. 783-792.
28. De Azambuja E, Bedard PL, Suter T, Piccart-Gebhart M. Cardiac toxicity with anti-HER-2 therapies: what have we learned so far? // Targeted Oncology. - 2009. - № 4. - P. 77-88.
29. Ewer MS, Ewer SM. Cardiotoxicity of anticancer treatments: what the cardiologist needs to know. // Nature Reviews Cardiology. - 2010. - № 7. - P. 564-575.
30. Procter M, Suter TM, de Azambuja E, Dafni U, van Dooren V, Muehlbauer S, Climent MA, Rechberger E, Liu WT, Toi M et al. Longer-term assessment of trastuzumab-related cardiac adverse events in the Herceptin Adjuvant (HERA) Trial. // Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 2010. - № 28. - P. 3422-3428.
31. Mann DL, Bristow MR. Mechanisms and models in heart failure: the biomechanical model and beyond. // Circulation. - 2005 May 31. - № 111. - P. 2837-2849.
32. Maitland ML, Bakris GL, Black HR, Chen HX, Durand JB, Elliott WJ, Ivy SP, Leier CV, Lindenfeld J, Liu G et al. Initial assessment, surveillance, and management of blood pressure in patients receiving vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway inhibitors. // Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - 2010. - № 102. - P. 596-604.
33. Chen HX, Cleck JN. Adverse effects of anticancer agents that target the VEGF pathway. // Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology. - 2009. - № 6. - P. 465-477
34. Ku DD, Zaleski JK, Liu S, Brock TA. Vascular endothelial growth factor induces EDRF-dependent relaxation in coronary arteries. // American Journal of Physiology. - 1993. - № 265. - P. 586-592.
35. Mir O, Ropert S, Alexandre J, Goldwasser F. Hypertension as a surrogate marker for the activity of anti-VEGF agents. // Annals of Oncology. - 2009. - № 20. - P. 967-970.
36. Stewart T, Pavlakis N, Ward M. Cardiotoxicity with 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine: more than just vasospastic angina. // Journal of Internal Medicine. - 2010. № 40 - P. 303-307.
37. Kleiman N, Lehane D, Geyer CE Jr, al e. Prinzmetal’s angina during 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. // The American Journal of Medicine. - 1987. - № 82. - P. 566-568.
38. Van Halteren HK, Liem AH, Planting AS. Myocardial ischemia as a result of treatment with capecitabine. // Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. - 2007. - № 151 - P. 1469-1473.
39. Ay C, Dunkler D, Marosi C, Chiriac A-L, Vormittag R, Simanek R, Quehenberger P, Zielinski C, Pabinger I. Prediction of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients. // Blood. - 2010. № 116. - P. 5377-5382.
40. Moore RA, Adel N, Riedel E, Bhutani M, Feldman DR, Tabbara NE, Soff G, Parameswaran R, Hassoun H. High incidence of thromboembolic events in patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy: a large retrospective analysis. // Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 2011. - № 29. - P. 3466-3473.
41. Nalluri SR, Chu D, Keresztes R, Zhu X, Wu S. Risk of venous thromboembolism with the angiogenesis inhibitor bevacizumab in cancer patients: a meta-analysis. // JAMA. - 2008. - № 300 - P. 2277-2285.
42. Scappaticci FA, Skillings JR, Holden SN, Gerber H-P, Miller K, Kabbinavar F, Bergsland E, Ngai J, Holmgren E, Wang J et al. Arterial thromboembolic events in patients with metastatic carcinoma treated with chemotherapy and bevacizumab. // Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - 2007. - № 99. - P. 1232-1239.
43. Choueiri TK, Schutz FAB, Je Y, Rosenberg JE, Bellmunt J. Risk of arterial thromboembolic events with sunitinib and sorafenib: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. // Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 2010. № 28. - P. 2280-2285.
44. Freedman AN, Yu B, Gail MH, Costantino JP, Graubard BI, Vogel VG, Anderson GL, McCaskill-Stevens W. Benefit/risk assessment for breast cancer chemoprevention with raloxifene or tamoxifen for women age 50 years or older. // Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 2011. - № 29. - P. 2327-2333.
45. Lyman GH, Khorana AA, Falanga A, Clarke-Pearson D, Flowers C, Jahanzeb M, Kakkar A, Kuderer NM, Levine MN, Liebman H et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline: recommendations for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer. // Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 2007. - № 25. - P. 5490-5505.
46. Soignet SL, Frankel SR, Douer D, Tallman MS, Kantarjian H, Calleja E, Stone RM, Kalaycio M, Scheinberg DA, Steinherz P et al. United States multicenter study of arsenic trioxide in relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia. // Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 2001. - № 19. - P. 3852-3860.
47. Wells SA, Gosnell JE, Gagel RF, Moley J, Pfister D, Sosa JA, Skinner M, Krebs A, Vasselli J, Schlumberger M. Vandetanib for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic hereditary medullary thyroid cancer. // Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 2010. - № 28. - P. 767-772.
48. Kantarjian HM, Hochhaus A, Saglio G, De Souza C, Flinn IW, Stenke L, Goh Y-T, Rosti G, Nakamae H, Gallagher NJ et al. Nilotinib versus imatinib for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase, Philadelphia chromosomepositive, chronic myeloid leukaemia: 24-month minimum follow-up of the phase 3 randomised ENESTnd trial. // The Lancet Oncology. - 2011. - № 12. - P. 841-851.
49. Chow EJ, Chen Y, Kremer LC, Breslow NE, Hudson MM, Armstrong GT, Border WL, Feijen EA, Green DM, Meacham LR, Meeske KA, Mulrooney DA, Ness KK, Oeffinger KC, Sklar CA, Stovall M, van der Pal HJ, Weathers RE, Robison LL, Yasui Y. Individual prediction of heart failure among childhood cancer survivors. // Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 2015. - № 33. - P. 394-402.
50. Ezaz G, Long JB, Gross CP, Chen J. Risk prediction model for heart failure and cardiomyopathy after adjuvant trastuzumab therapy for breast cancer. // Journal of the American Heart Association. - 2014. - № 3.
51. Herrmann J, Lerman A, Sandhu NP, et al. Evaluation and management of patients with heart disease and cancer: cardio-oncology. // Mayo Clinic Proceedings. - 2014. - № 89. - P. 1287-1306.
52. Плохова Е.В., Сорокин А.В., Стаферов А.В., Дундуа Д.П. Кардиоонкология, часть 2. Методы диагностики в кардиоонкологии // Клиническая практика. - 2018. - Т. 9. - № 1. - С. 50–62.
53. Blum RH, Carter SK. Adriamycin. A new anticancer drug with significant clinical activity. // Annals of Internal Medicine. - 1974. - № 80. - P. 249-259.
54. Volkova M, Russell R 3rd. Anthracycline cardiotoxicity: prevalence, pathogenesis and treatment. // Current Cardiology Reviews. - 2011. - № 7. - P. 214-220.
55. Zhang S, Liu X, Bawa-Khalfe T, Lu LS, Lyu YL, Liu LF, Yeh ET. Identification of the molecular basis of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. // Nature Medicine. - 2012. - № 18. - P. 639-642.
56. Davies KJ, Doroshow JH. Redox cycling of anthracyclines by cardiac mitochondria. I. Anthracycline radical formation by NADH dehydrogenase. // Journal of Biological Chemistry. -1986. - № 261. - P. 3060-3067.
57. Doroshow JH, Davies KJ. Redox cycling of anthracyclines by cardiac mitochondria. II. Formation of superoxide anion hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical. // Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1986. - № 261. - P. 3068-3074.
58. Kotamraju S, Chitambar CR, Kalivendi SV, Joseph J, Kalyanaraman B. Transferrin receptor-dependent iron uptake is responsible for doxorubicin-mediated apoptosis in endothelial cells role of oxidant-induced iron signaling in apoptosis. // Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 2002. - № 277. - P. 179-187.
59. Minotti G, Recalcati S, Menna P, Salvatorelli E, Corna G, Cairo G. Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and the control of iron metabolism: quinone-dependent and independent mechanisms. // Methods in Enzymology. - 2004. - № 378. - P. 340-361.
60. Minotti G, Menna P, Salvatorelli E, Cairo G, Gianni L. Anthracyclines molecular advances and pharmacologic developments in antitumor activity and cardiotoxicity. // Pharmacological Reviews. - 2004. - № 56. - P. 185-229.
61. Cole MP, Chaiswing L, Oberley TD, Edelmann SE, Piascik MT, Lin SM, Kiningham KK, St Clair DK. The protective roles of nitric oxide and superoxide dismutase in adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity. // Cardiovascular Research. - 2006. - № 69. - P. 186-197.
62. Vejpongsa P, Yeh ET. Topoisomerase 2β: a promising molecular target for primary prevention of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. // Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. - 2014. - № 95. - P. 45-52.
63. Lyu YL, Lin CP, Azarova AM, Cai L, Wang JC, Liu LF. Role of topoisomerase IIbeta in the expression of developmentally regulated genes. // Molecular and Cellular Biology. - 2006. № 26. - P. 929-941.
64. Lyu YL, Kerrigan JE, Lin CP, Azarova AM, Tsai YC, Ban Y, Liu LF. Topoisomerase IIbeta mediated DNA double-strand breaks: implications in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and prevention by dexrazoxane. // Cancer Research. - 2007. - № 67. - P. 8839-8846.
65. Capranico G, Tinelli S, Austin CA, Fisher ML, Zunino F. Different patterns of gene expression of topoisomerase II isoforms in differentiated tissues during murine development. // Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. - 1992. - № 1132. - P. 43-48.
66. Pein F, Sakiroglu O, Dahan M, Lebidois J, Merlet P, Shamsaldin A, Villain E, de Vathaire F, Sidi D, Hartmann O. Cardiac abnormalities 15 years and more after adriamycin therapy in 229 childhood survivors of a solid tumour at the Institut Gustave Roussy. // British Journal of Cancer. - 2004. - № 91. - P. 37-44.
67. Bloom MW, Hamo CE, Cardinale D, Ky B, Nohria A, Baer L, Skopicki H, Lenihan DJ, Gheorghiade M, Lyon AR, Butler J. Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction and heart failure: part 1: definitions, pathophysiology, risk factors, and imaging. // Circulation: Heart Failure. - 2016. - № 9.
68. Bristow MR, Thompson PD, Martin RP, Mason JW, Billingham ME, Harrison DC. Early anthracycline cardiotoxicity. // The American Journal of Medicine. - 1978. - № 65. - P. 823-832.
69. Buzdar AU, Marcus C, Smith TL, Blumenschein GR. Early and delayed clinical cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin. // Cancer. - 1985. - № 55. - P. 2761-2765.
70. Cardinale D, Colombo A, Bacchiani G, Tedeschi I, Meroni CA, Veglia F, Civelli M, Lamantia G, Colombo N, Curigliano G, Fiorentini C, Cipolla CM. Early detection of anthracycline cardiotoxicity and improvement with heart failure therapy. // Circulation. - 2015. - № 131. - P. 1981-1988.
71. AbuKhalaf MM, Juneja V, Chung GG, DiGiovanna MP, Sipples R, McGurk M, Zelterman D, Haffty B, Reiss M, Wackers FJ, Lee FA, Burtness BA. Long-term assessment of cardiac function after dose-dense and -intense sequential doxorubicin (A) paclitaxel (T) and cyclophosphamide (C) as adjuvant therapy for high-risk breast cancer. // Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - 2007. - № 104. - P. 341-349.
72. Steinherz LJ, Steinherz PG, Tan CT, Heller G, Murphy ML. Cardiac toxicity 4 to 20 years after completing anthracycline therapy. // JAMA. - 1991. - № 266, P. 1672-1677.
73. Songbo M, Lang H, Xinyong C, Bin X, Ping Z, Liang S. Oxidative stress injury in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. // Toxicology Letters. - 2019 Jun 1. - № 307. - P. 41-48.
74. Doroshow JH. Effect of anthracycline antibiotics on oxygen radical formation in rat heart. // Cancer Research. - 1983 Feb. № 43. - P. 460-472.
75. Singal PK, Iliskovic N, Li T, Kumar D. Adriamycin cardiomyopathy: pathophysiology and prevention. // THE FASEB Journal. - 1997 Oct. - № 12. - P. 931-936.
76. Menna P, Salvatorelli E. Primary Prevention Strategies for Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity: A Brief Overview. // Chemotherapy. - 2017. - № 62. - P. 159-68.
77. Gewirtz DA. A critical evaluation of the mechanisms of action proposed for the antitumor effects of the anthracycline antibiotics adriamycin and daunorubicin. // Biochemical Pharmacology. - 1999 Apr. - № 57 - P. 727-41.
78. Eder AR, Arriaga EA. Capillary electrophoresis monitors enhancement in subcellular reactive oxygen species production upon treatment with doxorubicin. // Chemical Research in Toxicology. - 2006 Sep. - № 9 - P. 1151-1159.
79. Goffart S, von Kleist-Retzow JC, Wiesner RJ. Regulation of mitochondrial proliferation in the heart: power-plant failure contributes to cardiac failure in hypertrophy. // Cardiovascular Research. - 2004 Nov. - № 64 - P. 198-207.
80. Goormaghtigh E, Huart P, Praet M, Brasseur R, Ruysschaert JM. Structure of the adriamycin-cardiolipin complex. Role in mitochondrial toxicity. // Biophysical chemistry. - 1990. - № 35. - P. 247-257.
81. Dresdale AR, Barr LH, Bonow RO, et al. Prospective randomized study of the role of N-acetyl cysteine in reversing doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. // American Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 1982. - № 5. - P. 657-663.
82. Myers C, Bonow R, Palmeri S, et al. A randomized controlled trial assessing the prevention of doxorubicin cardiomyopathy by N-acetylcysteine. // Seminars in Oncology. - 1983. - № 10. - P. 53-55
83. Iarussi D, Auricchio U, Agretto A, et al. Protective effect of coenzyme Q10 on anthracyclines cardiotoxicity: control study in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. // Molecular Aspects of Medicine. - 1994. - № 15. - P. 207-212.
84. Minotti G, Salvatorelli E, Menna P. Pharmacological foundations of cardio-oncology. // Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. - 2010. - № 334. - P. 2-8.
85. Ichikawa Y, Ghanefar M, Bayeva M, et al. Cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin is mediated through mitochondrial iron accumulation. // Journal of Clinical Investigation. - 2014. - № 124. - P. 617-630.
86. Swain SM, Vici P. The current and future role of dexrazoxane as a cardioprotectant in anthracycline treatment: expert panel review. // Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. - 2004. - № 130. - P. 1-7.
87. Vejpongsa P, Yeh ET. Prevention of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity: challenges and opportunities. // Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - 2014. - № 64. - P. 938-945.
88. Hardaway BW. Adriamycin-associated cardiomyopathy: where are we now? updates in pathophysiology, dose recommendations, prognosis, and outcomes. // Current Opinion in Cardiology. - 2019. - № 34. - P. 289-295.
89. Tewey KM, Rowe TC, Yang L, Halligan BD, Liu LF. Adriamycin-induced DNA damage mediated by mammalian DNA topoisomerase II. // Science. - 1984. - № 26. - P. 466-468.
90. Slamon DJ, Godolphin W, Jones LA, Holt, JA, Wong SG, Keith DE, Levin WJ, Stuart SG, Udove J, Ullrich A. Studies of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene in human breast and ovarian cancer. // Science. - 1989. - № 244. - P. 707-712.
91. Pritchard KI, Shepherd LE, O’Malley FP, Andrulis IL, Tu D, Bramwell VH, Levine MN; National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. HER2 and responsiveness of breast cancer to adjuvant chemotherapy. // The New England Journal of Medicine. - 2006. - № 354. - P. 2103-2111.
92. Goldenberg MM. Trastuzumab, a recombinant DNA-derived humanized monoclonal antibody, a novel agent for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. // Clinical Therapeutics. - 1999. - № 21. - P. 309-318.
93. Piccart Gebhart MJ, Procter M, Leyland-Jones B, Goldhirsch A, Untch M, Smith I, Gianni L, Baselga J, Bell R, Jackisch C, Cameron D, Dowsett M, Barrios CH, Steger G, Huang CS, Andersson M, Inbar M, Lichinitser M, Láng I, Nitz U, Iwata H, Thomssen C, Lohrisch C, Suter TM, Rüschoff J, Suto T, Greatorex V, Ward C, Straehle C, McFadden E, Dolci MS, Gelber RD; Herceptin Adjuvant (HERA) Trial Study Team. Trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer. // The New England Journal of Medicine. - 2005. - № 353. - P. 1659-1672.
94. Pondé NF, Lambertini M, de Azambuja E. Twenty years of anti-HER2 therapy-associated cardiotoxicity. // ESMO Open. - 2016. № 1
95. Kuramochi Y, Guo X, Sawyer DB. Neuregulin activates erbB2-dependent src/FAK signaling and cytoskeletal remodeling in isolated adult rat cardiac myocytes. // Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. - 2006. -№ 41. - P. 228-235.
96. El Zarrad MK, Mukhopadhyay P, Mohan N, Hao E, Dokmanovic M, Hirsch DS, Shen Y, Pacher P, Wu WJ. Trastuzumab alters the expression of genes essential for cardiac function and induces ultrastructural changes of cardiomyocytes in mice. // PLOS One 2013. - № 8.
97. Nakagami H, Takemoto M, Liao JK. NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide anion mediates angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy. // Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2003. - № 35. - P. 851-859.
98. Grazette LP, Boecker W, Matsui T, Semigran M, Force TL, Hajjar RJ, Rosenzweig A. Inhibition of ErbB2 causes mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes: implications for herceptin-induced cardiomyopathy. // Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2004. - № 44. - P. 2231-2238.
99. Guglin M, Cutro R, Mishkin JD. Trastuzumab-induced cardiomyopathy. // Journal of Cardiac Failure. - 2008. - № 14. - P. 437-444.
100. Marty M. Randomized phase II trial of the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab combined with docetaxel in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer administered as first-line treatment: the M77001 study group. // Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 2005. - № 23. - P. 4265-4274.
101. Mantarro S, Rossi M, Bonifazi M, D’Amico R, Blandizzi C, La Vecchia C, Negri E, Moja L. Risk of severe cardiotoxicity following treatment with trastuzumab: a meta-analysis of randomized and cohort studies of 29,000 women with breast cancer. // Internal and Emergency Medicine. - 2016. - № 11. - P. 123-140.
102. Yu AF, Yadav NU, Lung BY, Eaton AA, Thaler HT, Hudis CA, Dang CT, Steingart RM. Trastuzumab interruption and treatment-induced cardiotoxicity in early HER2-positive breast cancer. // Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - 2015. - № 149. - P. 489-495.
103. Suter TM, Procter M, van Veldhuisen DJ, Muscholl M, Bergh J, Carlomagno C, Perren T, Passalacqua R, Bighin C, Klijn JG, Ageev FT, Hitre E, Groetz J, Iwata H, Knap M, Gnant M, Muehlbauer S, Spence A, Gelber RD, Piccart-Gebhart MJ. Trastuzumab associated cardiac adverse effects in the Herceptin adjuvant trial. // Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 2007. - № 25. - P. 3859-3865.
104. Bosch X, Rovira M, Sitges M, Domenech A, Ortiz-Perez JT, de Caralt TM, Morales-Ruiz M, Perea RJ, Monzo M, Esteve J. Enalapril and carvedilol for preventing chemotherapy induced left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with malignant hemopathies: the OVERCOME trial (prevention of left ventricular dysfunction with enalapril and carvedilol in patients submitted to intensive chemotherapy for the treatment of malignant hemopathies). // Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - 2013. - № 61. - P. 2355-2362.
105. Gulati G, Heck SL, Ree AH, Hoffmann P, Schulz-Menger J, Fagerland MW, Gravdehaug B, von Knobelsdorff-Brenkenhoff F, Bratland A, Storas TH, Hagve TA, Rosjo H, Steine K, Geisler J, Omland T. Prevention of cardiac dysfunction during adjuvant breast cancer therapy (PRADA): a 2 × 2 factorial, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of candesartan and metoprolol // European Heart Journal. - 2016. - № 37. - P. 1671-1680.
106. Pituskin E, Haykowsky M, Mackey JR, Thompson RB, Ezekowitz J, Koshman S, Oudit G, Chow K, Pagano JJ, Paterson I. Rationale and design of the Multidisciplinary Approach to Novel Therapies in Cardiology Oncology Research Trial (MANTICORE 101—Breast): a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to determine if conventional heart failure pharmacotherapy can prevent trastuzumab mediated left ventricular remodeling among patients with HER2+ early breast cancer using cardiac MRI. // BMC Cancer. - 2011. - № 11.
107. Barac A, Murtagh G, Carver JR, Chen MH, Freeman AM, Herrmann J, Iliescu C, Ky B, Mayer EL, Okwuosa TM, Plana JC, Ryan TD, Rzeszut AK, Douglas PS. Cardiovascular health of patients with cancer and cancer survivors: a roadmap to the next level. // Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - 2015. - № 65. - P. 2739-2746.
108. Clarke E, Lenihan D. Cardio-oncology: a new discipline in medicine to lead us into truly integrative care. // Future Cardiology. - 2015. - № 11. - P. 359-361.
109. Okwuosa TM, Barac A. Burgeoning cardio-oncology programs: challenges and opportunities for early career cardiologists/faculty directors. // Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - 2015. - № 66. - P.1193-1197.
110. Albini A, Pennesi G, Donatelli F, Cammarota R, De Flora S, Noonan DM. Cardiotoxicity of anticancer drugs: the need for cardio-oncology and cardio-oncological prevention. // Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - 2010. - № 102. - P. 14-25.
111. Speyer JL, Green MD, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Wernz JC, Rey M, Sanger J, Kramer E, Ferrans V, Hochster H, Meyers M. ICRF-187 permits longer treatment with doxorubicin in women with breast cancer. // Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 1992. - № 10. - P. 117-127.
112. Venturini M, Michelotti A, Del Mastro L, Gallo L, Carnino F, Garrone O, Tibaldi C, Molea N, Bellina RC, Pronzato P, Cyrus P, Vinke J, Testore F, Guelfi M, Lionetto R, Bruzzi P, Conte PF, Rosso R. Multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate cardioprotection of dexrazoxane versus no cardioprotection in women receiving epirubicin chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. // Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 1996. - № 14. - P. 3112-3120.
113. Swain SM, Whaley FS, Gerber MC, Ewer MS, Bianchine JR, Gams RA. Delayed administration of dexrazoxane provides cardioprotection for patients with advanced breast cancer treated with doxorubicin-containing therapy. // Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 1997. - № 15. - P. 1333-1340.
114. Lipshultz SE, Rifai N, Dalton VM, Levy DE, Silverman LB, Lipsitz SR, Colan SD, Asselin BL, Barr RD, Clavell LA, Hurwitz CA, Moghrabi A, Samson Y, Schorin MA, Gelber RD, Sallan SE. The effect of dexrazoxane on myocardial injury in doxorubicin-treated children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. // The New England Journal of Medicine. - 2004. - № 351. - P. 145-153.
115. Marty M, Espie M, Llombart A, Monnier A, Rapoport BL, Stahalova V, Dexrazoxane Study Group. Multicenter randomized phase III study of the cardioprotective effect of dexrazoxane (Cardioxane) in advanced/metastatic breast cancer patients treated with anthracycline–based chemotherapy. // Annals of Oncology. - 2006. - № 17. - P. 614-622.
116. Huh WW, Jaffe N, Durand JB, Munsell MF, Herzog CE. Comparison of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in pediatric sarcoma patients when given with dexrazoxane versus as continuous infusion. // Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. - 2010. - № 27. - P. 546-557.
117. Asselin BL, Devidas M, Chen L, Franco VI, Pullen J, Borowitz MJ, Hutchison RE, Ravindranath Y, Armenian SH, Camitta BM, Lipshultz SE. Cardioprotection and safety of dexrazoxane in patients treated for newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia or advanced-stage lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a report of the Children’s Oncology Group Randomized Trial Pediatric Oncology Group 9404. // Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 2016. - № 34. - P. 854-862.
118. Van Dalen EC, Caron HN, Dickinson HO, Kremer LC. Cardioprotective interventions for cancer patients receiving anthracyclines. // Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews. - 2011. - CD003917.
119. Scott JM, Khakoo A, Mackey JR, et al. Modulation of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity by aerobic exercise in breast cancer: current evidence and underlying mechanisms. // Circulation. - 2011. - № 124. - P. 642-650.
120. Chicco AJ, Hydock DS, Schneider CM, et al. Low-intensity exercise training during doxorubicin treatment protects against cardiotoxicity. // Journal of Applied Physiology. - 2006. - № 100. - P. 519-527.