Study of the atmospheric boundary layer regimes over land and water surfaces with
online integrated meteorology-aerosols interactions Enviro-IllRLAM model
Introduction 4
1. Planetary Boundary Layer 5
1.1. Surface Layer 6
1.2. Atmospheric Turbulence 7
1.3. Temperature-wind-humidity regime of boundary layer 10
1.3.1. Temperature regime 10
1.3.2. Wind regime 12
1.3.3. Humidity regime 13
2. Methodology 16
2.1. Area of interest 16
2.2 Selection of episodes with elevated pollution 17
2.1. Meteorological situation 19
2.2. Research tool: online integrated meteorological chemical-aerosol model
Enviro-HIRLAM 26
2.4.1. Model history 26
2.4.2. Model structure 27
2.4.3. Extracting and preprocessing of meteorological and atmospheric
composition input data 29
2.4.4. Preprocessing emission inventories 32
2.4.5 Setting up the model - gridded domain 33
2.4.1. Simulation process 36
2.4.7 Postprocessing and visualization of model output 37
3. Results and discussion 39
3.1. Data analysis for temperature regime - August 2013 40
3.2. Data analysis for humidity regime - August 2013 44
3.3. Data analysis for wind regime - August 2013 48
3.1 Data analysis for temperature regime - January 2013 50
3.2 Data analysis for humidity regime - January 2013 54
3.1. Data analysis for wind regime - January 2013 58
4. Conclusions 60
5. Applicability of results 62
6. Acknowledgments 63
7. References 64
Appendix 70
The planetary boundary layer of the atmosphere (PBL) is the lower layer of the Earth's gas envelope. Research and forecasting of the distribution of meteorological parameters in PBL take a very important role. This is necessary for the safe and efficient functioning of various industries, agricultural activities, transport, and much more. Such meteorological parameters as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and direction are fundamental and depend on many factors related to the pressure field, radiation balance, etc. One of these factors is aerosol pollution, the source of which can be both anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic (natural). Anthropogenic sources include transport, various industries, some types of power plants, and others. Natural sources include volcanic activity, forest fires, weathering of mineral rocks, and pollution by dust storms. The effect of aerosol pollution on the temperature - wind - humidity regime depends mainly on the degree of pollution and on the type of pollutant. At the moment, there are various studies of the influence of air pollution on PBL. For example, Zhang, together with colleagues, has investigated the two-way feedback effect between aerosol pollution and PBL structure on the explosive rise of PM2.5.
The Environment High Resolution Limited Area Model (Enviro-HIRLAM) allows to forecast and investigate values of the meteorological parameters in the PBL with the effects of aerosol and gas pollution. This allows for unique research and forecasting taking into account anthropogenic and natural emissions. The purpose of this work is to evaluate temperature - wind - humidity regimes of the PBL over land and water surfaces for selected geographical regions of NorthWest Russia and Nordic countries taking into account aerosols effects on meteorology with the employment of online-integrated Environment-High Resolution Limited Area Model (Enviro-HIRLAM).
For methodological assistance and guidance throughout the entire period of doing this research and writing the presented work, I am very grateful to my scientific supervisor Dr. Aaed Mkhanna (Russian State Hydrometeorological University, RSHU) and scientific consultant Dr. Alexander Mahura (University of Helsinki, Finland). Their consultations, comments, advice, and constructive criticism of the presented work are greatly appreciated.
Also, I would like to especially thank Professor Sergey Smyshlyaev (RSHU) - for providing access to the ECMWF supercomputer and necessary calculation res ources as a part of the Enviro-PEEX(Plus) project; Dr. Daniel Santos (HIRLAM- ALADIN Consortium) - for providing access to hirlam.org repository and database s; Dr. Irina Petrova (Ghent University) - for advice about thesis presentation; and Georgy Nerobelov (St. Petersburg State University) - for practical and technical ad vice. I am grateful to the teaching staff of the RSHU for the well-organized learning process.
Also, I would like to express my thankfulness to my parents for financial support and moral support for years of University education and during the writing of this thesis work.
