Analysis of Economic Cooperation between China and Russia under the Background of “One Belt and One Road”
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Аннотация
Introduction 3
Chapter 1 The present situation and significance of Sino-Russian economic and trade cooperation under the "Belt and Road" Strategy 7
1.1 Development Status of Sino-Russian Trade Cooperation under the "Belt
and Road" Strategy 10
1.2 The Significance of Sino-Russian Economic and Trade Cooperation under
the "Belt and Road" Strategy 17
Chapter 2 Opportunities for Sino-Russian Economic and Trade Cooperation under
the "Belt and Road" Strategy 25
2.1 Expanding the scale of bilateral trade and optimize the structure of
industry 27
2.2 Improving the mechanism of energy cooperation and establishing a new
international energy order 32
2.3 Strengthening infrastructure cooperation and promoting economic
transformation 35
Chapter 3 Problems and Countermeasures of Sino-Russian Trade Cooperation under the "Belt and Road" Strategy 43
3.1 Problems of Sino-Russian trade cooperation within the framework of the
"One Belt,One Road" project 44
3.2 Suggestion and recommendation for the development of Sino-Russian trade
cooperation within the framework of the "One Belt,One Road" strategy program 48
Conclusion 54
Reference List 58
Introduction 3
Chapter 1 The present situation and significance of Sino-Russian economic and trade cooperation under the "Belt and Road" Strategy 7
1.1 Development Status of Sino-Russian Trade Cooperation under the "Belt
and Road" Strategy 10
1.2 The Significance of Sino-Russian Economic and Trade Cooperation under
the "Belt and Road" Strategy 17
Chapter 2 Opportunities for Sino-Russian Economic and Trade Cooperation under
the "Belt and Road" Strategy 25
2.1 Expanding the scale of bilateral trade and optimize the structure of
industry 27
2.2 Improving the mechanism of energy cooperation and establishing a new
international energy order 32
2.3 Strengthening infrastructure cooperation and promoting economic
transformation 35
Chapter 3 Problems and Countermeasures of Sino-Russian Trade Cooperation under the "Belt and Road" Strategy 43
3.1 Problems of Sino-Russian trade cooperation within the framework of the
"One Belt,One Road" project 44
3.2 Suggestion and recommendation for the development of Sino-Russian trade
cooperation within the framework of the "One Belt,One Road" strategy program 48
Conclusion 54
Reference List 58
This is not a single development strategy, but a strategy that enables China to develop together with other countries from multiple angles, across fields, and it has obvious geo-spatial characteristics. The geographical advantages of Russia and China, which come down in one continuous line, highlight the importance of mutual communication between China and Russia. Russia, a big country in the world, has a vast territory and abundant resources, and is rich in fossil fuels (such as natural gas, oil, etc.), but its local industrial structure is not reasonable enough, resulting in its particularly poor resistance to changes in the world pattern. Since 2013, Russia's economy has been hit hard by the continuing impact of the Ukrainian incident, the economic sanctions imposed by western countries, the sharp drop in international oil prices and the "ruble crisis" in 2014. In 2014, Russia's economic growth rate was only 0.6%. In 2015, Russia's overall strength continued to decline after the financial crisis. In this context, Russia's attitude towards China's strategic vision of building the "Silk Economic Belt" has changed dramatically. On May 8, 2015 which shows that China's strategic vision has received strong support from Russia and laid a foundation for the future development of the two countries. The geographical advantages of China and Russia, combined with the national conditions that China needs to import a lot of energy resources, make the economic cooperation between China and Russia particularly important.
Throughout the ages, and Southeast Asia is also an important part of the Maritime Silk Road. The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping based on history is an extension of the ancient Maritime Silk Road. As a big country, Russia's territory spans Eurasia, which has great geographical advantages and military energy benefits in Southeast Asia. As a big maritime country, Russia also focuses on developing and seizing maritime resources, which determines that it will get a positive response to the idea of building the Maritime Silk Road.
With the continuous deepening and reform of the "Belt and Road" strategic system, strengthening bilateral trade exchanges and promoting the process of international economic exchanges have an important position in the national strategic system. The construction of the "Belt and Road" strategy is based on the interconnection of countries and regions at various borders. Since the implementation of the policy of opening to the outside world in China, the role of border crossings as channel nodes has become more and more obvious. China has developed the Asian Highway Network, built the TransAsian Railway Network, and opened 13 highway passages and 8 railways with countries in Northeast Asia, Central Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia. In addition, it also actively participates in infrastructure construction, such as the establishment of oil and gas pipelines, cross-border bridges, power transmission lines, optical cable transmission systems, etc. The establishment of these facilities has laid a strong material foundation for the "Belt and Road". The high-speed route across Russia to the European Union is considered as one of the most realistic and feasible routes. Under the strategic policy of "One Belt, One Road", it will provide a more efficient and convenient platform for the trade development between China and Russia. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the economic and trade relations between China and Russia with the "Belt and Road" as an opportunity.
Cooperation and win-win is the theme of the era. With the advance of globalization, international trade and investment cooperation is deepening. The interdependence between countries is also deepening. "The Belt and Road Initiative" regional cooperation initiative proposed by President Xi Jinping is coordinated with the cooperation and win-win era requirements. The policy put forward that develop a point to develop the whole area, from a development line to a development zone, transforming the original small-scale regional cooperation gradually to a large-scale regional cooperation. The ultimate goals are that the Eurasian continent national areas are tied economically closely more, mutual cooperation is more in-depth, development space is broader, which is the upgraded version of the new model of cooperation that could satisfy the common hope of all Eurasian countries along the maritime and land silk road. "The Belt and Road Initiative" strategic is concerned with trade and economic cooperation between the Eurasian continent hinterland, Central Asian countries and China and the common prosperity and development. This is a blessing for the countries along the Silk Road as it is beneficial to future generations. China and Russia are great powers as the developing economies, the economic volume of these two countries are ranked second and fifth respectively. They are both good neighbors and huge economies in the world stage. At the same time, since the 90s of last century, bilateral economic and trade development have developed in the twists and turns, the international oil price fluctuations, Europe and the United States sanctions, as well as domestic economic structure and other internal and external challenges cannot be ignored. The policy has provided new opportunities for the development of economic and trade cooperation between the two countries, and has injected new vitality. China and Russia have great potential in the field of economic and trade cooperation.
Research technique
1. Literature research. Literature research is the basis of economics, and it is also an important content of economic papers. By reading, collecting and sorting out a large number of domestic and foreign economic periodicals and books, we can understand the development trends and frontier issues of the discipline; Master the research methods, theoretical viewpoints and the focus of academic debate in this field; Familiar with the core concepts, important conclusions and development status of this field.
2. Empirical research. Empirical research refers to the scientific process of collecting and processing data by using various statistical software to obtain relevant data to verify a certain theory and hypothesis. The purpose of empirical research is to test hypotheses or put forward new hypotheses (i.e. falsification), so as to draw scientific conclusions. The empirical methods commonly used in economic research include econometric analysis (such as regression analysis), normative analysis and case investigation. (Note: Econometric analysis method belongs to the research field of microeconomics).
3. Comparative research and historical investigation. Comparative research and historical investigation are one of the methods often used in economic research. Their function is to find some regular things by comparing and analyzing the economic development of different countries or regions, which lays a certain foundation for further research.
4. Field investigation and study. Field investigation is a way to conduct scientific research by going to actual departments and enterprises to observe the actual situation. This method is intuitive, but it takes more time and energy to complete the research task.
5. Case study. Case analysis is a way to analyze a specific problem under specific conditions, which can explain complex phenomena with simple models and draw conclusions. (The common method of case analysis is to use mathematical tools to establish a corresponding model to analyze a specific problem.) The common methods of case analysis mainly include factor analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (Diagrams).
The goal of this study is the analysis of China-Russian cooperation under the background of One Belt and One Road.
This goal is realized by solving the following objectives:
• definition of status quo and development status of China-Russian cooperation under the background of One Belt and One Road;
• analysis of the opportunities of China-Russian cooperation under the background of One Belt and One Road;
• research of problems and countermeasures of China-Russian cooperation under the background of One Belt and One Road;
• definition of the future direction of China-Russian cooperation under the background of One Belt and One Road.
The object of this study is the China-Russian cooperation.
The subject of this study is the development of China-Russian cooperation under the background of One Belt and One Road.
This paper analyzes the economic and trade relations and the economic and trade relations between China and Russia, and explores the opportunities and challenges of Sino-Russian economic and trade development under the strategy of "The Belt and Road Initiative", focusing on the policy communication, facilities, trade flow, capital integration, and cultural communication so as to further carry out Sino-Russian economic and trade cooperation and effectively promote the "The Belt and Road Initiative " construction.
Throughout the ages, and Southeast Asia is also an important part of the Maritime Silk Road. The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping based on history is an extension of the ancient Maritime Silk Road. As a big country, Russia's territory spans Eurasia, which has great geographical advantages and military energy benefits in Southeast Asia. As a big maritime country, Russia also focuses on developing and seizing maritime resources, which determines that it will get a positive response to the idea of building the Maritime Silk Road.
With the continuous deepening and reform of the "Belt and Road" strategic system, strengthening bilateral trade exchanges and promoting the process of international economic exchanges have an important position in the national strategic system. The construction of the "Belt and Road" strategy is based on the interconnection of countries and regions at various borders. Since the implementation of the policy of opening to the outside world in China, the role of border crossings as channel nodes has become more and more obvious. China has developed the Asian Highway Network, built the TransAsian Railway Network, and opened 13 highway passages and 8 railways with countries in Northeast Asia, Central Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia. In addition, it also actively participates in infrastructure construction, such as the establishment of oil and gas pipelines, cross-border bridges, power transmission lines, optical cable transmission systems, etc. The establishment of these facilities has laid a strong material foundation for the "Belt and Road". The high-speed route across Russia to the European Union is considered as one of the most realistic and feasible routes. Under the strategic policy of "One Belt, One Road", it will provide a more efficient and convenient platform for the trade development between China and Russia. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the economic and trade relations between China and Russia with the "Belt and Road" as an opportunity.
Cooperation and win-win is the theme of the era. With the advance of globalization, international trade and investment cooperation is deepening. The interdependence between countries is also deepening. "The Belt and Road Initiative" regional cooperation initiative proposed by President Xi Jinping is coordinated with the cooperation and win-win era requirements. The policy put forward that develop a point to develop the whole area, from a development line to a development zone, transforming the original small-scale regional cooperation gradually to a large-scale regional cooperation. The ultimate goals are that the Eurasian continent national areas are tied economically closely more, mutual cooperation is more in-depth, development space is broader, which is the upgraded version of the new model of cooperation that could satisfy the common hope of all Eurasian countries along the maritime and land silk road. "The Belt and Road Initiative" strategic is concerned with trade and economic cooperation between the Eurasian continent hinterland, Central Asian countries and China and the common prosperity and development. This is a blessing for the countries along the Silk Road as it is beneficial to future generations. China and Russia are great powers as the developing economies, the economic volume of these two countries are ranked second and fifth respectively. They are both good neighbors and huge economies in the world stage. At the same time, since the 90s of last century, bilateral economic and trade development have developed in the twists and turns, the international oil price fluctuations, Europe and the United States sanctions, as well as domestic economic structure and other internal and external challenges cannot be ignored. The policy has provided new opportunities for the development of economic and trade cooperation between the two countries, and has injected new vitality. China and Russia have great potential in the field of economic and trade cooperation.
Research technique
1. Literature research. Literature research is the basis of economics, and it is also an important content of economic papers. By reading, collecting and sorting out a large number of domestic and foreign economic periodicals and books, we can understand the development trends and frontier issues of the discipline; Master the research methods, theoretical viewpoints and the focus of academic debate in this field; Familiar with the core concepts, important conclusions and development status of this field.
2. Empirical research. Empirical research refers to the scientific process of collecting and processing data by using various statistical software to obtain relevant data to verify a certain theory and hypothesis. The purpose of empirical research is to test hypotheses or put forward new hypotheses (i.e. falsification), so as to draw scientific conclusions. The empirical methods commonly used in economic research include econometric analysis (such as regression analysis), normative analysis and case investigation. (Note: Econometric analysis method belongs to the research field of microeconomics).
3. Comparative research and historical investigation. Comparative research and historical investigation are one of the methods often used in economic research. Their function is to find some regular things by comparing and analyzing the economic development of different countries or regions, which lays a certain foundation for further research.
4. Field investigation and study. Field investigation is a way to conduct scientific research by going to actual departments and enterprises to observe the actual situation. This method is intuitive, but it takes more time and energy to complete the research task.
5. Case study. Case analysis is a way to analyze a specific problem under specific conditions, which can explain complex phenomena with simple models and draw conclusions. (The common method of case analysis is to use mathematical tools to establish a corresponding model to analyze a specific problem.) The common methods of case analysis mainly include factor analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (Diagrams).
The goal of this study is the analysis of China-Russian cooperation under the background of One Belt and One Road.
This goal is realized by solving the following objectives:
• definition of status quo and development status of China-Russian cooperation under the background of One Belt and One Road;
• analysis of the opportunities of China-Russian cooperation under the background of One Belt and One Road;
• research of problems and countermeasures of China-Russian cooperation under the background of One Belt and One Road;
• definition of the future direction of China-Russian cooperation under the background of One Belt and One Road.
The object of this study is the China-Russian cooperation.
The subject of this study is the development of China-Russian cooperation under the background of One Belt and One Road.
This paper analyzes the economic and trade relations and the economic and trade relations between China and Russia, and explores the opportunities and challenges of Sino-Russian economic and trade development under the strategy of "The Belt and Road Initiative", focusing on the policy communication, facilities, trade flow, capital integration, and cultural communication so as to further carry out Sino-Russian economic and trade cooperation and effectively promote the "The Belt and Road Initiative " construction.
In today's society with unpredictable international situation, the strategic partnership of coordination between China and Russia has remained stable for more than 70 years, and the diplomatic principles of sincerity, mutual respect and equality have always been the unchanging principle of the two countries, and the mutual cooperation and strategic cooperation between the two countries in all fields have been developed in an all-round way. In the context of changes in the international situation, the significance of the China- Russia strategic partnership of coordination goes far beyond the bilateral relations. This not only serves the highest national interests of China and Russia, but also is an important factor in maintaining peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region and the world.
At the same time, China and Russia are two emerging powers, and the growth of the overall national strength and the strategic coordination of the two countries will no doubt have a significant impact on the international political environment. Therefore, efforts should be made to promote China-Russia economic and trade cooperation to a new level and achieve higher strategic goals. First, we need to change the strategic direction of China-Russia economic and trade cooperation and establish a new pattern. Second from the one-sided pursuit of rapid growth of China-Russia trade to mass balance growth, from the number of China and Russia in a short period of time rapidly expanded to pay attention to coordinate stable growth of long-term mechanism, from the past two single economic and trade activities, stand out, from the past extensive business model to regulate the development of effective way of innovation, from the past trade and investment to analyze the potential of bilateral economic development. Finally, we should make every effort to promote new ways of economic and trade exchanges between China and Russia, and explore new ways of traditional economic and trade cooperation, investment cooperation. Only by constantly exploring new ways of economic and trade cooperation can China- Russia economic and trade cooperation develop continuously and steadily.
The processing industry and manufacturing industry between China and Russia are highly complementary. In addition to the processing and manufacturing of textile industry and mechanical and electrical engineering, green transportation, metallurgical industry, petrochemical industry, natural gas and other equipment and equipment manufacturing, electronic equipment, aviation equipment and agricultural machinery market cooperation prospects. At the present stage, China's Haier Group has established a home appliance manufacturing industrial base in Russia, and China National Chemical Corporation has established an oil refinery in Russia, creating a model for the expansion of China-Russia cooperation in the field of processing and manufacturing. In the future, the two countries must improve technology and communication with employees to promote industrial cooperation between the two countries, fully integrate capital, technology, talent and market, and promote deep cooperation between China and Russia in the field of high-end manufacturing.
The two countries can strengthen cooperation in the aerospace, nuclear technology, new materials, biotechnology, instrumentation and equipment manufacturing industries with competitive advantages in Russia. We will actively expand cooperation in many industries, such as new energy technology, new materials, biological science, nanomaterials, effective use of ecological resources, energy conservation and environmental protection. On the basis of technological cooperation, we will promote the transformation and development of the industrial layout of the two countries, and high- tech cooperation will become a supporting point for improving the level of China-Russia economic and trade cooperation. China and Russia have broad prospects for cooperation in the field of digital trade. In 2017, the Government of the Russian Federation implemented the Digital Trade Master Plan, focusing on vigorously promoting e-commerce and egovernment, developing modern distance education and telemedicine systems, and building a digital service platform for small and medium-sized enterprises and their government services. In the future, the two countries will be able to cooperate in industries such as cross-border e-commerce, software development, network information security and mobile payment system software.
The "Belt and Road" strategy is based on the development concept of "peace, inclusiveness and win-win", and has achieved a bright prospect for win-win economic cooperation by creating a sound development environment of political mutual trust. Let all the countries and regions related to the development of the "Belt and Road" strategy have a deep understanding of the development concept and development prospects of the strategy. In addition to strengthening exchanges between countries and governments, exchanges in culture, think tanks, science and technology, media and non-governmental subjects in various countries and regions are also essential. This construction process involves many countries and regions. As the initiator of the "Belt and Road" strategy, China shoulders the responsibility of top-level design. At the same time, China should communicate timely and effectively with relevant countries and regions about the specific planning and strategic objectives of the "One Belt And One Road" strategy. The construction of "Belt and Road" has promoted a new starting point for China-Russia cooperation, connecting the two countries, strengthening policy communication and mutual trust, unimpeded trade, strengthening cooperation, financial integration and expanding the scale of economy and trade. At this moment, China and Russia have become a community of shared future with highly intertwined interests of all sectors.
As two important emerging economies in the world, China and Russia are two important markets for world economic development. And the current stage is an important stage for the reform and development of both China and Russia. The proposal of the "Belt and Road" strategy strengthens the economic and trade cooperation between China, which is undergoing transformation and upgrading, and Russia, which is recovering economically. In the new era of rapid economic development of both countries, the two sides should continue to strengthen practical cooperation in the fields of economy, energy, science and technology. China and Russia should take the "Belt and Road" strategy as an opportunity to seize the new opportunities for global economic development, actively promote the strategic partnership of coordination, enhance the political mutual trust and strengthen the economic and trade exchanges between the two countries, so as to enhance the economic strength and international status of the two countries and achieve a comprehensive win-win situation.
At the same time, China and Russia are two emerging powers, and the growth of the overall national strength and the strategic coordination of the two countries will no doubt have a significant impact on the international political environment. Therefore, efforts should be made to promote China-Russia economic and trade cooperation to a new level and achieve higher strategic goals. First, we need to change the strategic direction of China-Russia economic and trade cooperation and establish a new pattern. Second from the one-sided pursuit of rapid growth of China-Russia trade to mass balance growth, from the number of China and Russia in a short period of time rapidly expanded to pay attention to coordinate stable growth of long-term mechanism, from the past two single economic and trade activities, stand out, from the past extensive business model to regulate the development of effective way of innovation, from the past trade and investment to analyze the potential of bilateral economic development. Finally, we should make every effort to promote new ways of economic and trade exchanges between China and Russia, and explore new ways of traditional economic and trade cooperation, investment cooperation. Only by constantly exploring new ways of economic and trade cooperation can China- Russia economic and trade cooperation develop continuously and steadily.
The processing industry and manufacturing industry between China and Russia are highly complementary. In addition to the processing and manufacturing of textile industry and mechanical and electrical engineering, green transportation, metallurgical industry, petrochemical industry, natural gas and other equipment and equipment manufacturing, electronic equipment, aviation equipment and agricultural machinery market cooperation prospects. At the present stage, China's Haier Group has established a home appliance manufacturing industrial base in Russia, and China National Chemical Corporation has established an oil refinery in Russia, creating a model for the expansion of China-Russia cooperation in the field of processing and manufacturing. In the future, the two countries must improve technology and communication with employees to promote industrial cooperation between the two countries, fully integrate capital, technology, talent and market, and promote deep cooperation between China and Russia in the field of high-end manufacturing.
The two countries can strengthen cooperation in the aerospace, nuclear technology, new materials, biotechnology, instrumentation and equipment manufacturing industries with competitive advantages in Russia. We will actively expand cooperation in many industries, such as new energy technology, new materials, biological science, nanomaterials, effective use of ecological resources, energy conservation and environmental protection. On the basis of technological cooperation, we will promote the transformation and development of the industrial layout of the two countries, and high- tech cooperation will become a supporting point for improving the level of China-Russia economic and trade cooperation. China and Russia have broad prospects for cooperation in the field of digital trade. In 2017, the Government of the Russian Federation implemented the Digital Trade Master Plan, focusing on vigorously promoting e-commerce and egovernment, developing modern distance education and telemedicine systems, and building a digital service platform for small and medium-sized enterprises and their government services. In the future, the two countries will be able to cooperate in industries such as cross-border e-commerce, software development, network information security and mobile payment system software.
The "Belt and Road" strategy is based on the development concept of "peace, inclusiveness and win-win", and has achieved a bright prospect for win-win economic cooperation by creating a sound development environment of political mutual trust. Let all the countries and regions related to the development of the "Belt and Road" strategy have a deep understanding of the development concept and development prospects of the strategy. In addition to strengthening exchanges between countries and governments, exchanges in culture, think tanks, science and technology, media and non-governmental subjects in various countries and regions are also essential. This construction process involves many countries and regions. As the initiator of the "Belt and Road" strategy, China shoulders the responsibility of top-level design. At the same time, China should communicate timely and effectively with relevant countries and regions about the specific planning and strategic objectives of the "One Belt And One Road" strategy. The construction of "Belt and Road" has promoted a new starting point for China-Russia cooperation, connecting the two countries, strengthening policy communication and mutual trust, unimpeded trade, strengthening cooperation, financial integration and expanding the scale of economy and trade. At this moment, China and Russia have become a community of shared future with highly intertwined interests of all sectors.
As two important emerging economies in the world, China and Russia are two important markets for world economic development. And the current stage is an important stage for the reform and development of both China and Russia. The proposal of the "Belt and Road" strategy strengthens the economic and trade cooperation between China, which is undergoing transformation and upgrading, and Russia, which is recovering economically. In the new era of rapid economic development of both countries, the two sides should continue to strengthen practical cooperation in the fields of economy, energy, science and technology. China and Russia should take the "Belt and Road" strategy as an opportunity to seize the new opportunities for global economic development, actively promote the strategic partnership of coordination, enhance the political mutual trust and strengthen the economic and trade exchanges between the two countries, so as to enhance the economic strength and international status of the two countries and achieve a comprehensive win-win situation.
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