GRADUATION THESIS on International tourism service trade in China
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Introduction 3
Chapter 1 Analysis of the development status of China's international tourism service trade 7
1.1 Overview of international trade in tourism services 7
1.2 Overview of China's international tourism services trade 9
1.3 Problems facing the development of China's international tourism services
trade 15
Chapter 2 Analysis of the international competitiveness of China's tourism service trade 20
2.1 Analysis of factors influencing the international competitiveness of
China's tourism service trade 20
2.2 Analysis of international competitiveness indicators of China's tourism
service trade 32
Chapter 3 Strategies to enhance the international competitiveness of China's tourism service trade 43
3.1 Increase investment in factors of tourism services 43
3.2 Promote the development of tourism service-related industries 47
Conclusion 62
References 64
Chapter 1 Analysis of the development status of China's international tourism service trade 7
1.1 Overview of international trade in tourism services 7
1.2 Overview of China's international tourism services trade 9
1.3 Problems facing the development of China's international tourism services
trade 15
Chapter 2 Analysis of the international competitiveness of China's tourism service trade 20
2.1 Analysis of factors influencing the international competitiveness of
China's tourism service trade 20
2.2 Analysis of international competitiveness indicators of China's tourism
service trade 32
Chapter 3 Strategies to enhance the international competitiveness of China's tourism service trade 43
3.1 Increase investment in factors of tourism services 43
3.2 Promote the development of tourism service-related industries 47
Conclusion 62
References 64
Today, when residents' material conditions have been greatly improved, people's consumption patterns have gradually changed from tangible material consumption to intangible spiritual consumption. Among many spiritual consumptions, tourism has quickly entered the homes of ordinary people with its unique consumption methods., becoming a new consumption method for people to relax their body and mind. Due to the popularity of the concept of world integration and the improvement of residents' living standards, residents of various countries have gone abroad one after another, promoting tourism service trade among countries around the world.
Although my country's tourism service trade started late, relying on the strong domestic consumption power, the proposal of the "Belt and Road" initiative and the guidance of the government's relevant tourism service trade policies, tourism service trade is playing an increasingly important role in the rapid development of our country's economy. effect. Compared with other tourism powers in the world, China's tourism services trade still has many problems. For example, my country's tourism services trade deficit is expanding, the development of tourism services trade is uneven among regions, the trade structure of inbound tourists is unreasonable, and the quality of tourism industry employees Inconsistency and insufficient basic facilities in tourist attractions [9, p. 115]. If our country wants to transform from a major tourism country into a powerful tourism country, it must face up to these problems, turn disadvantages into advantages, and enhance the international competitiveness of our country's tourism service trade.
While social development has improved people's living standards, it has also improved people's quality of life. Tourism, as a concrete manifestation of the improvement of people's quality of life, has entered people's daily lives. Nowadays, it is not uncommon for people to travel. In the past, due to the underdeveloped material foundation and the lack of network communication information, people on the one hand had no money to travel, and on the other hand they did not know where to go even if they had a certain material foundation, which greatly hindered the development of tourism. At present, the
boom of the Internet and self-media has contributed to the development of the tourism industry. Everyone can share what they see and hear during the trip on a public platform through their own camera lens, and the beautiful scenery and scenery along the way. The new things encountered during the trip make people want to experience it personally. Therefore, tourism has become a way of life for people to relax after work and has been integrated into the daily lives of ordinary people, and the tourism industry has also prospered.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the position of China's tourism service trade in the world, and then find out the factors that have a greater impact on the international competitiveness of China's tourism service trade through analysis, and put forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions. With the deepening of the degree of opening up to the outside world, trade in services plays an increasingly important role in the national economy, and has the momentum of gradually surpassing trade in goods. Trade in tourism services is an important part of trade in services and plays an irreplaceable role in the development of trade in services. At present, the momentum of the development of China's tourism service trade is very strong, and the scale of tourism continues to expand, both the number of inbound and outbound tourists and tourism consumption expenditure are rising year by year. However, due to the late start of China's tourism service trade industry, there is still a certain distance from the tourism trade industry of developed countries in the world. Affected by the new crown epidemic, the tourism service trade industry in all countries of the world has been seriously impacted, and China has also suffered losses in the development of tourism service trade, but at the same time, after the epidemic, it will also bring new opportunities for the development of China's tourism service trade industry [12, p. 3]. Based on this, this paper explores the theme of "Influencing Factors of International Competitiveness of China's Tourism Service Trade".
The main research methods are Literature analysis method and Comparative analysis method. The literature analysis method refers to the analysis method of exploring the nature and status of the research object through the collection of literature materials in a certain aspect, and deriving one's own viewpoint from it. It can help survey researchers form a general impression of the research object, which is conducive to a dynamic grasp 4
of the research object's history, and can also study research objects that are no longer accessible. The main content of literature analysis method includes:
1 Analyzing and researching the relevant archival materials found.
2 Analyze and study the collected personal diaries, notes, and biographies.
3 Analyze and research a collection of publicly published books and publications.
Literature analysis aims to clarify what the analyzed literature actually says, in order to provide search identification. Generally, there are two steps:
1 first identify the object of the literature discussion, and then further identify the specific problem of which aspect of the object to discuss;
2 Firstly, identify the various concepts involved in the literature, and then further investigate their relationships to form several complete themes.
The number of topics analyzed from a single literature can be multiple. This article summarizes and organizes a large number of domestic and foreign literature around the theme of the paper "China International Tourism Service Trade", And in accordance with the research needs of this paper, relevant ideas are sorted out, data is processed, and relevant conclusions are drawn.
The comparative research method is a method of studying and judging the degree of similarity or difference between things and between people. The comparative research method can be understood as a method of examining two or more related things based on certain standards, searching for similarities and differences, and exploring universal and special laws.
According to its own characteristics, Comparative law can be divided into vertical Comparative law, horizontal Comparative law, and vertical and horizontal Comparative law, which is compared with theory and facts.
Vertical Comparative law is a method to compare the specific forms of the same or similar things under different historical conditions. It has the characteristics of historicity, time sequence and depth, so it is also called historical Comparative law.
The horizontal Comparative law is a method of comparing different things on the same horizontal cross section according to a certain standard of identity. For example, the comparison of politics, economy, science and culture between China and India, which are 5
both the third world countries, Asian countries and major countries, is a horizontal comparison.
The vertical and horizontal Comparative law method is a combination of vertical comparison and horizontal comparison. Through vertical and horizontal comparison, one can not only understand the similarities and differences in the historical development of things participating in comparison, but also understand their similarities and differences horizontally [5, p. 295]. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of things participating in comparison can be obtained.
The method of comparing theory with fact is to compare the results of theoretical research with the data obtained from observational experiments. Through this comparison, it can be determined whether the conclusions obtained from the study are consistent with the observed data, and it can also be used to verify the authenticity of the data. This is of great significance for scientific discoveries.
This paper selects the countries ranking top in the tourism service trade industry in the world, and uses Panel data to comparative analysis was conducted on the international competitiveness of the tourism industry in various countries to identify the gaps between China and other countries, as well as the overall the trend of the body.
Although my country's tourism service trade started late, relying on the strong domestic consumption power, the proposal of the "Belt and Road" initiative and the guidance of the government's relevant tourism service trade policies, tourism service trade is playing an increasingly important role in the rapid development of our country's economy. effect. Compared with other tourism powers in the world, China's tourism services trade still has many problems. For example, my country's tourism services trade deficit is expanding, the development of tourism services trade is uneven among regions, the trade structure of inbound tourists is unreasonable, and the quality of tourism industry employees Inconsistency and insufficient basic facilities in tourist attractions [9, p. 115]. If our country wants to transform from a major tourism country into a powerful tourism country, it must face up to these problems, turn disadvantages into advantages, and enhance the international competitiveness of our country's tourism service trade.
While social development has improved people's living standards, it has also improved people's quality of life. Tourism, as a concrete manifestation of the improvement of people's quality of life, has entered people's daily lives. Nowadays, it is not uncommon for people to travel. In the past, due to the underdeveloped material foundation and the lack of network communication information, people on the one hand had no money to travel, and on the other hand they did not know where to go even if they had a certain material foundation, which greatly hindered the development of tourism. At present, the
boom of the Internet and self-media has contributed to the development of the tourism industry. Everyone can share what they see and hear during the trip on a public platform through their own camera lens, and the beautiful scenery and scenery along the way. The new things encountered during the trip make people want to experience it personally. Therefore, tourism has become a way of life for people to relax after work and has been integrated into the daily lives of ordinary people, and the tourism industry has also prospered.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the position of China's tourism service trade in the world, and then find out the factors that have a greater impact on the international competitiveness of China's tourism service trade through analysis, and put forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions. With the deepening of the degree of opening up to the outside world, trade in services plays an increasingly important role in the national economy, and has the momentum of gradually surpassing trade in goods. Trade in tourism services is an important part of trade in services and plays an irreplaceable role in the development of trade in services. At present, the momentum of the development of China's tourism service trade is very strong, and the scale of tourism continues to expand, both the number of inbound and outbound tourists and tourism consumption expenditure are rising year by year. However, due to the late start of China's tourism service trade industry, there is still a certain distance from the tourism trade industry of developed countries in the world. Affected by the new crown epidemic, the tourism service trade industry in all countries of the world has been seriously impacted, and China has also suffered losses in the development of tourism service trade, but at the same time, after the epidemic, it will also bring new opportunities for the development of China's tourism service trade industry [12, p. 3]. Based on this, this paper explores the theme of "Influencing Factors of International Competitiveness of China's Tourism Service Trade".
The main research methods are Literature analysis method and Comparative analysis method. The literature analysis method refers to the analysis method of exploring the nature and status of the research object through the collection of literature materials in a certain aspect, and deriving one's own viewpoint from it. It can help survey researchers form a general impression of the research object, which is conducive to a dynamic grasp 4
of the research object's history, and can also study research objects that are no longer accessible. The main content of literature analysis method includes:
1 Analyzing and researching the relevant archival materials found.
2 Analyze and study the collected personal diaries, notes, and biographies.
3 Analyze and research a collection of publicly published books and publications.
Literature analysis aims to clarify what the analyzed literature actually says, in order to provide search identification. Generally, there are two steps:
1 first identify the object of the literature discussion, and then further identify the specific problem of which aspect of the object to discuss;
2 Firstly, identify the various concepts involved in the literature, and then further investigate their relationships to form several complete themes.
The number of topics analyzed from a single literature can be multiple. This article summarizes and organizes a large number of domestic and foreign literature around the theme of the paper "China International Tourism Service Trade", And in accordance with the research needs of this paper, relevant ideas are sorted out, data is processed, and relevant conclusions are drawn.
The comparative research method is a method of studying and judging the degree of similarity or difference between things and between people. The comparative research method can be understood as a method of examining two or more related things based on certain standards, searching for similarities and differences, and exploring universal and special laws.
According to its own characteristics, Comparative law can be divided into vertical Comparative law, horizontal Comparative law, and vertical and horizontal Comparative law, which is compared with theory and facts.
Vertical Comparative law is a method to compare the specific forms of the same or similar things under different historical conditions. It has the characteristics of historicity, time sequence and depth, so it is also called historical Comparative law.
The horizontal Comparative law is a method of comparing different things on the same horizontal cross section according to a certain standard of identity. For example, the comparison of politics, economy, science and culture between China and India, which are 5
both the third world countries, Asian countries and major countries, is a horizontal comparison.
The vertical and horizontal Comparative law method is a combination of vertical comparison and horizontal comparison. Through vertical and horizontal comparison, one can not only understand the similarities and differences in the historical development of things participating in comparison, but also understand their similarities and differences horizontally [5, p. 295]. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of things participating in comparison can be obtained.
The method of comparing theory with fact is to compare the results of theoretical research with the data obtained from observational experiments. Through this comparison, it can be determined whether the conclusions obtained from the study are consistent with the observed data, and it can also be used to verify the authenticity of the data. This is of great significance for scientific discoveries.
This paper selects the countries ranking top in the tourism service trade industry in the world, and uses Panel data to comparative analysis was conducted on the international competitiveness of the tourism industry in various countries to identify the gaps between China and other countries, as well as the overall the trend of the body.
Since entering the 21st century, the import and export volume of my country's tourism service trade has been increasing, but the growth rate of import volume has been greater than the growth rate of export volume since 2005. This has caused my country to change from a trade surplus to a trade deficit after 2009. showing an expanding trend. Although the deficit has decreased with the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020, the pattern of the deficit has not fundamentally changed. In terms of inbound tourists, although the number of inbound tourists is constantly increasing, the current inbound tourists in our country are still mainly compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, accounting for nearly 80%. Among the incoming foreign tourists, Asian tourists are the main ones, accounting for 60%. There is a problem that the overall source of tourists is relatively single. Through the analysis of the number of tourist receptions in various parts of our country, we found that the current development of my country's tourism service trade has the problem of unbalanced development between the east and the west. my country's foreign exchange income from international tourism is constantly increasing, but foreign exchange income from tourism is mainly low-value-added accommodation and transportation, and accounts for a relatively small proportion in sightseeing and entertainment that truly reflect the substantive consumption of tourism.
Through the import and export data of tourism service trade, we constructed IMS, TC, RCA, CA and other indicators to measure the international competitiveness of my country's tourism service trade, and compared with other countries, we found that currently, my country The international competitiveness of tourism service trade has gone through a development stage from weak international competitiveness to loss of international competitiveness. Thanks to my country's market size, my country has a certain degree of competitiveness in IMS indicators, but it is also currently showing a continuous downward trend.
Judging from Michael Porter's diamond model, the number of tourism practitioners in our country is constantly increasing, but it still cannot meet the needs of the current industry, and there is a lack of senior professionals. Therefore, the government should 62
increase investment in tourism education. The school should change the traditional schoolrunning idea of only focusing on theoretical teaching, innovate the school-running mechanism, actively cooperate with tourism enterprises, take into account the cultivation of theoretical education and practical skills, and improve the comprehensive quality of tourism employees. The number of tourism enterprises has a significant negative impact on the international competitiveness of my country's tourism service trade. In recent years, the number of tourism companies in our country has continued to increase, but the increase is mainly small businesses with only a few dozen employees. There are fewer large tourism companies. These small tourism companies have low operating efficiency and chaotic management. This has reduced the number of tourism companies in our country. The increase has instead led to a decline in the international competitiveness of China's tourism service trade. Large tourism companies, including OTA companies such as Meituan and Ctrip, have performed well. During the epidemic, their operating income has reached the level of world-class tourism groups. However, they still lack well-known products and international influence. Therefore, our country's tourism enterprises can learn from Western tourism enterprises to implement mergers and reorganizations, which can greatly improve the competitiveness of enterprises. At the same time, it can also optimize the current structure of our country's tourism enterprises and change the status quo of "small, scattered, weak and poor". Domestic tourism consumption has a significant positive impact on the international competitiveness of China's tourism service trade. Today, when international tourism is temporarily stagnant, domestic tourism companies can continue to deeply explore the domestic tourism market while expanding into lower- tier markets. This can not only help restore performance points and growth points, laying a solid foundation for becoming a world-class tourism group in the future. At present, the desire of domestic and foreign tourists to enter and exit is very strong. Our country can find some places to conduct inbound tourism pilots and gradually expand the scope of the pilots. Today, when the epidemic is raging around the world, our country, as one of the most successful and experienced countries in epidemic prevention in the world. It will be extremely attractive, which will greatly improve the international competitiveness of China's tourism service trade.
Through the import and export data of tourism service trade, we constructed IMS, TC, RCA, CA and other indicators to measure the international competitiveness of my country's tourism service trade, and compared with other countries, we found that currently, my country The international competitiveness of tourism service trade has gone through a development stage from weak international competitiveness to loss of international competitiveness. Thanks to my country's market size, my country has a certain degree of competitiveness in IMS indicators, but it is also currently showing a continuous downward trend.
Judging from Michael Porter's diamond model, the number of tourism practitioners in our country is constantly increasing, but it still cannot meet the needs of the current industry, and there is a lack of senior professionals. Therefore, the government should 62
increase investment in tourism education. The school should change the traditional schoolrunning idea of only focusing on theoretical teaching, innovate the school-running mechanism, actively cooperate with tourism enterprises, take into account the cultivation of theoretical education and practical skills, and improve the comprehensive quality of tourism employees. The number of tourism enterprises has a significant negative impact on the international competitiveness of my country's tourism service trade. In recent years, the number of tourism companies in our country has continued to increase, but the increase is mainly small businesses with only a few dozen employees. There are fewer large tourism companies. These small tourism companies have low operating efficiency and chaotic management. This has reduced the number of tourism companies in our country. The increase has instead led to a decline in the international competitiveness of China's tourism service trade. Large tourism companies, including OTA companies such as Meituan and Ctrip, have performed well. During the epidemic, their operating income has reached the level of world-class tourism groups. However, they still lack well-known products and international influence. Therefore, our country's tourism enterprises can learn from Western tourism enterprises to implement mergers and reorganizations, which can greatly improve the competitiveness of enterprises. At the same time, it can also optimize the current structure of our country's tourism enterprises and change the status quo of "small, scattered, weak and poor". Domestic tourism consumption has a significant positive impact on the international competitiveness of China's tourism service trade. Today, when international tourism is temporarily stagnant, domestic tourism companies can continue to deeply explore the domestic tourism market while expanding into lower- tier markets. This can not only help restore performance points and growth points, laying a solid foundation for becoming a world-class tourism group in the future. At present, the desire of domestic and foreign tourists to enter and exit is very strong. Our country can find some places to conduct inbound tourism pilots and gradually expand the scope of the pilots. Today, when the epidemic is raging around the world, our country, as one of the most successful and experienced countries in epidemic prevention in the world. It will be extremely attractive, which will greatly improve the international competitiveness of China's tourism service trade.
