Тема: The problem of pragmatic adaptation in audiovisual translation of a gangster film into Russian (on the material of a British crime TV series "Peaky Blinders")

In today's world, cinematography is an integral part of our lives. The demand for translation of movies and TV series is increasing day by day. A lot of famous movies have been filmed and continue to be filmed in the UK. One of the most popular genres of British film discourse is gangster films.
Audiovisual translation is a complex process involving many elements that must be taken into consideration when working with a film text. The translator cannot always find the exact equivalent of a character's line due to the differences in language systems and cultural peculiarities of the recipients. For this reason, the translator uses pragmatic adaptation in order to convey the meaning of the statement in such a way as to have the desired effect on the recipient.
The object of the research is utterances expressing proving, persuasion, urging, commands, evaluation, and emotional speech impact in a British crime TV series “Peaky Blinders”.
The subject of the research is the linguistic means used in conveying communicative intention in а British crime TV series “Peaky Blinders” and their audiovisual translation into Russian.
The research is relevant since audiovisual translation is becoming more and more in demand. Of particular interest is the study of the translational transformations when expressing the communicative intention, and possible discrepancies, which are caused by linguacultural differences. Pragmatic adaptation and pragmatic equivalence are important parts of translation. For this reason, it is necessary to consider how the translator transforms linguistic units into Russian in the process of working with audiovisual material.
The novelty of this research is the revelation of the significance of statements expressing proving, persuasion, urging, commands, evaluation, and emotional speech impact for the perception of the gangster film by viewers and analysis of the ways of pragmatic adaptation in their transfer into Russian, while the problem of pragmatic adaptation of linguistic means of expressing of proving, persuasion, urging, commands, evaluation, and emotional speech impact on the addressee in audiovisual translation has not been sufficiently investigated in the framework of linguistics.
The aim of the study is to identify the peculiarities of the implementation of the strategy of pragmatic adaptation when conveying communicative intention in audiovisual translation of a British crime TV series “Peaky Blinders” into Russian.
In accordance with the aim, the following objectives were formulated:
1. to describe the concept of audiovisual translation and its specific features;
2. to consider the concept of pragmatic adaptation;
3. to determine for the expression of what types of speech impact in а British crime TV series “Peaky Blinders” pragmatic adaptation is most often used;
4. to identify which translation transformations are the most frequent in expressing proving, persuasion, urging, commands, evaluation, and emotional speech impact in the course of audiovisual translation of а British crime TV series “Peaky Blinders”;
5. to compare the features of communicative intention transfer in dubbing and subtitling of а British crime TV series “Peaky Blinders”.
The following research methods were used in the work: semantic analysis, comparative analysis, method of pragmatic-linguistic analysis.
The theoretical basis of the study was the works of researchers in the field of translation studies as Barkhudarov L.S., Garbovsky N.K., Kozulyaev A.V., Komissarov V.N., Latyshev. L.K., Nida A., Taber C.R., Vehmas-Lehto I., etc., researchers in the field of the theory of speech acts and speech influence - Austin J., Searle J., Fedorova L.L., Shelestyuk E.V., etc., as well as researchers of the gangster film genre Hekhoroshev L.N., Belousov V., etc...
The theoretical significance of the study is that subsequently the results of the work can serve as a theoretical basis for translators whose goal is to create better audiovisual translation.
The practical significance of the study is the possibility of using it when working with audiovisual translation and finding ways of transferring linguistic means when performing it, as well as the results of the study can be used in the training of translators.
The material for the study was a British crime TV series “Peaky Blinders”.
Structure of the work. This qualification research paper consists of an introduction, two chapters and results, conclusion, literature, appendix.
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This qualification research paper is devoted to the study of pragmatic adaptation in audiovisual translation of a gangster film into Russian. Audiovisual translation draws more and more attention of modern researchers, as audiovisual content has become an integral part of modern reality. It is important for the translator to achieve pragmatic equivalence of the utterance, but due to the fact that communicative behavior differs in different countries, as well as due to lexical and grammatical peculiarities of Russian and English languages, it is necessary to turn to pragmatic adaptation in order to provide the recipient of the translation with a perception equal to that of the original addressee.
In pragmatic adaptation in the translation of gangster films, it is important to take into account the difference in the perception of reality in the recipients of the two cultures. The translator must understand to which addressees the utterance is addressed, in what situation and under what circumstances the communication process takes place. Based on this, translators form a text in the target language, which should be perceived by Russian-speaking viewers in the same way as the original is perceived by English-speaking audiences.
Gangster film is one of the most popular genres which dates back to silent films era. They are usually inspired by crime stories, tabloids, news, events, etc. In gangster films we mostly deal with threats, orders, agitation, and condemnation. Although, it is common for the British to communicate indirectly, in most cases orders and threats are demonstrated explicitly. Rarely, we observe indirect utterances which are transformed into direct ones by the translators.
In the series we observe stylization. Stylization is the reproduction of peculiarities of characters’ speech. It is done to transfer an atmosphere of 1920-s, features of a gangster film genre, express popular consciousness of characters, reflect the peculiarities of speech of gangsters. In the series, the translators very often try to make characters speech even more aggressive by adding jargonisms and choosing ruder Russian substitutions. Moreover, instead of neutral vocabulary the translators used colloquial speech.
In our research we observe dubbing translation of two film translation companies and subtitles. The first company ‘Lostfilm’ (dubbing 1) tries to translate everything closer to the original version, it uses neutral and appropriate translations, omits obscene words, and substitutes them. The second company, ‘Kubik v kube’ (dubbing 2), is known for its inappropriate translations, frequent use of swear words and offensive additions. The translator often deviates from the original, substitutes neutral language with the obscene one in order to make the translation more aggressive and gangster-like, intensify the communicative intention. It is the viewers who decide what they prefer. As for the subtitles, due to the time restrictions and the fact that viewers can hear the original speech, translation is closer to the text and the communicative intention is weakened. Also, subtitles are usually shorter than dubbed versions since they can take up not more than 20% of the screen space for perfect subtitles are one sentence long.
The results of the research of translations of proving, persuading, urging, commanding, evaluating and emotional speech impact into Russian can be used when working with audiovisual translation in perspective, which will make it possible to consider how and with what language means it is possible to convey certain utterances and to improve the quality of translation.
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