The Religious Meaning of Loneliness, Unity, and Communication in the Works of F. Dostoevsky
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Только Word
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION 6
DOSTOEVSKY‘S LITERATURE CONCEPT 8
DIFFERENT WAYS OF INTERPRETING DOSTOEVSKY 13
SLAVOPHILISTIC MOVEMENT 40
Chapter One: Structure of Society in F. Dostoevsky‘s Works 43
Society Must Merge Into One Substance 43
The Framework of Perfect Society 50
Conclusion 52
Chapter Two: “The Idiot“ 54
Context of the Novel 54
The Portrait of Mysckhin 57
Duke Mysckhin as the Embodiment of Jesus Christ 63
“Beauty Will Save the World“ Concept 68
Conclusion 72
Chapter Three: “The Dream of a Ridiculous Man“ 76
Feeling Alienated in the Society 76
Loneliness and Communication in the Perspective of Absurd 79
Religious Side of the Story 82
Conclusion 86
Chapter Four: The Anatomy of Guilt 87
Healing Power of Communication 87
Inability to Accept Feeling of Togetherness 92
Conclusion 95
CONCLUSION 96
BIBLIOGRAPHY 99
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION 6
DOSTOEVSKY‘S LITERATURE CONCEPT 8
DIFFERENT WAYS OF INTERPRETING DOSTOEVSKY 13
SLAVOPHILISTIC MOVEMENT 40
Chapter One: Structure of Society in F. Dostoevsky‘s Works 43
Society Must Merge Into One Substance 43
The Framework of Perfect Society 50
Conclusion 52
Chapter Two: “The Idiot“ 54
Context of the Novel 54
The Portrait of Mysckhin 57
Duke Mysckhin as the Embodiment of Jesus Christ 63
“Beauty Will Save the World“ Concept 68
Conclusion 72
Chapter Three: “The Dream of a Ridiculous Man“ 76
Feeling Alienated in the Society 76
Loneliness and Communication in the Perspective of Absurd 79
Religious Side of the Story 82
Conclusion 86
Chapter Four: The Anatomy of Guilt 87
Healing Power of Communication 87
Inability to Accept Feeling of Togetherness 92
Conclusion 95
CONCLUSION 96
BIBLIOGRAPHY 99
Philosophical categories such as loneliness, unity, or communication are being always varied in the works of different authors and thinkers. Some of the authors describe them as the basis or starting point of everyone‘s interpersonal development, others see it as derivative formation conditioned by temperament or physiological conditions.
Regardless of the approach that is being followed, in exploring these qualities a highly sensitive and delicate area is entered where a personality‘s propensity for introversion or extroversion, an attitude towards another person, arises. Some people are fond of being alone and for some, communication is a mandatory attribute of their lives.
However, talking about socializing is not the same when we add another significant category – religion. The religious context always changes the meaning and sense of these three definitions – loneliness, unity, and communication – and influences it tremendously.
In this way, religious loneliness is often associated with the need for austerity and devotion to communion with God. Communication can also become a tool for taking and exchanging religious experiences from other people. Unity is also an important aspect for every believer as an indisputable and saving purpose.
The religious context above this question brings some important elements such as the decision of a human being to go into one or another flow; to be more closed and morose, or be more open and sharing to the world.
It is being confirmed by the investigation and analysis that there is a negative correlation between extraversion and religiosity and this fact is consistent for both sexes 1
Different authors depict these problems in their own ways. The main writer for this analytical work will be F. Dostoevsky because of his peculiar and distinctive outlook on God, religion, to a human as such. Many characters of Dostoevsky have faced similar or identical crisis experiences leading to various conclusions.
The task of this work is to describe how do these three categories: unity, communication, and loneliness differ in the context of two frameworks – religious context and F. Dostoevsky‘s works. Both of these are not separated aspects as Dostoevsky‘s works are strongly oriented to religious narrative and religion is functioning massively in his books.
Characters of Dostoevsky are either suffering, are depressed, or rejoice, but their emotions and often even choices are limited to the mentioned three categories.
Starting with the generalized features of F. Dostoevsky‘s works, eventually, the thesis will concentrate on those texts that are directly analyzing the topic. From „Masha is Laying on The Table“ to „The Dream of a Ridiculous Man“ a reader can meet different portraits and their variations. Characters maneuvering between ascetic loneliness and blissful communion are strongly influenced by the religious context.
The mentioned works are also illustrating the possible and existing transformations of society; and how the modification of the individual human being affects the development of the whole society. Dostoevsky as the writer was interested a lot in a reconfiguration of the order of society depending on one concrete person; in other words how one human being can induce and affect common processes.
The aspect of unity and its pursuit also appears. Dostoevsky analyzes how a unified society, the essence of which is junction, is formed from a society made up of alienated and distant individuals.
These questions and research points will let to analyze the religious context of loneliness, communication, and unity in the works of F. Dostoevsky.
Regardless of the approach that is being followed, in exploring these qualities a highly sensitive and delicate area is entered where a personality‘s propensity for introversion or extroversion, an attitude towards another person, arises. Some people are fond of being alone and for some, communication is a mandatory attribute of their lives.
However, talking about socializing is not the same when we add another significant category – religion. The religious context always changes the meaning and sense of these three definitions – loneliness, unity, and communication – and influences it tremendously.
In this way, religious loneliness is often associated with the need for austerity and devotion to communion with God. Communication can also become a tool for taking and exchanging religious experiences from other people. Unity is also an important aspect for every believer as an indisputable and saving purpose.
The religious context above this question brings some important elements such as the decision of a human being to go into one or another flow; to be more closed and morose, or be more open and sharing to the world.
It is being confirmed by the investigation and analysis that there is a negative correlation between extraversion and religiosity and this fact is consistent for both sexes 1
Different authors depict these problems in their own ways. The main writer for this analytical work will be F. Dostoevsky because of his peculiar and distinctive outlook on God, religion, to a human as such. Many characters of Dostoevsky have faced similar or identical crisis experiences leading to various conclusions.
The task of this work is to describe how do these three categories: unity, communication, and loneliness differ in the context of two frameworks – religious context and F. Dostoevsky‘s works. Both of these are not separated aspects as Dostoevsky‘s works are strongly oriented to religious narrative and religion is functioning massively in his books.
Characters of Dostoevsky are either suffering, are depressed, or rejoice, but their emotions and often even choices are limited to the mentioned three categories.
Starting with the generalized features of F. Dostoevsky‘s works, eventually, the thesis will concentrate on those texts that are directly analyzing the topic. From „Masha is Laying on The Table“ to „The Dream of a Ridiculous Man“ a reader can meet different portraits and their variations. Characters maneuvering between ascetic loneliness and blissful communion are strongly influenced by the religious context.
The mentioned works are also illustrating the possible and existing transformations of society; and how the modification of the individual human being affects the development of the whole society. Dostoevsky as the writer was interested a lot in a reconfiguration of the order of society depending on one concrete person; in other words how one human being can induce and affect common processes.
The aspect of unity and its pursuit also appears. Dostoevsky analyzes how a unified society, the essence of which is junction, is formed from a society made up of alienated and distant individuals.
These questions and research points will let to analyze the religious context of loneliness, communication, and unity in the works of F. Dostoevsky.
Works of every author are peculiar in operating on some specific topics, talking about exact things, or using concrete tools. Dostoevsky‘s literature justifies this rule. It is extremely rich in the abundance of themes and the development of portraits of characters, as well as the concepts used. After a profound analysis of F. Dostoevsky‘s works, it gets obvious that the author had an incontrovertible talent to grasp the pulse of society, its pain, and the most relevant wounds.
Three elements were specifically important for the thesis. These aspects are unity, communication, and loneliness. All of them Dostoevsky described or illustrated in his literature. Attitudes toward some of these elements have never changed and remained stable, and due to his other perceptions, the author developed and purified position over the literature path.
From “Masha is Laying on The Table“ which is accentuating the inevitability of merging into one substance, Dostoevsky smoothly transfers to different conceptualizations demonstrated in „Crime and Punishment“ and „The Dream of a Ridiculous Man“. The importance of unity found in these works is manifested through the maintenance of individuality, its nurturing.
It is possible to return once again to the main idea and concept expressed by Dostoevsky. Fragmented and divided people form themselves as individuals, and distance appears. Later, society begins to believe in and perceive themselves as important and relevant personalities. Eventually, unity is achieved by merging into one whole, discovering and establishing a metaphysical connection.
Dostoevsky carries this key element through his works, based on different categories. This is his main idea in terms of unity.
The author examines similar concepts in another short text “Socialism and Christianity“. In this story the author continues to reflect on the same topic: the isolation of people in modern society and the need for their connection, “merging“ in a future perfect society.
Loneliness, according to Dostoevsky‘s works, can be originated from misunderstanding, different values, mindsets. The duke Mysckhin in “The Idiot“does not feel his own the environment in which he appears. Coming with a messianic mission, Mysckhin personified absolute human goodness, in contrast to the sins emanating from other characters.
The hero of “The Dream of a Ridiculous Man“ is also a misfit, a person functioning out of the margins of common society. His whole behavior and attitude set him apart from others in a conspicuous way. This process is permeated with themes of human absurdity and meaninglessness in life. Thus, creating allusions with the existentialist Camus‘ mindset and “The Myth of Sisyphus“ this work acquire even more colors.
The concept of absurdity is elaborated in “A Faint Heart“ too. The main character loses reason because he cannot handle the task that is given by the officer. However, the real reason for his disorder is the approach to happiness. Vasya does not see himself as the one who deserved happiness, especially personal. He accepts it as a collective object and is ravaged by the thought of having a personal approach to it if others remain suffering around him.
However, communication can heal too. Raskolnikov connects to Sonya and this link leads him to purification. It is a mystical connection making Raskolnikov a better human and bringing him to reconciliation with himself which was crucial after committing a crime.
Mystical connection is a definition that can be used in the communication of duke Mysckhin and Nastasya Filipovna as well. Some scholars tend to explain their connection in the terms of religious characters. They are interpreted as saviors of mankind, they came into society to save it. Their amalgamation is a necessary inseparable condition. ....
Three elements were specifically important for the thesis. These aspects are unity, communication, and loneliness. All of them Dostoevsky described or illustrated in his literature. Attitudes toward some of these elements have never changed and remained stable, and due to his other perceptions, the author developed and purified position over the literature path.
From “Masha is Laying on The Table“ which is accentuating the inevitability of merging into one substance, Dostoevsky smoothly transfers to different conceptualizations demonstrated in „Crime and Punishment“ and „The Dream of a Ridiculous Man“. The importance of unity found in these works is manifested through the maintenance of individuality, its nurturing.
It is possible to return once again to the main idea and concept expressed by Dostoevsky. Fragmented and divided people form themselves as individuals, and distance appears. Later, society begins to believe in and perceive themselves as important and relevant personalities. Eventually, unity is achieved by merging into one whole, discovering and establishing a metaphysical connection.
Dostoevsky carries this key element through his works, based on different categories. This is his main idea in terms of unity.
The author examines similar concepts in another short text “Socialism and Christianity“. In this story the author continues to reflect on the same topic: the isolation of people in modern society and the need for their connection, “merging“ in a future perfect society.
Loneliness, according to Dostoevsky‘s works, can be originated from misunderstanding, different values, mindsets. The duke Mysckhin in “The Idiot“does not feel his own the environment in which he appears. Coming with a messianic mission, Mysckhin personified absolute human goodness, in contrast to the sins emanating from other characters.
The hero of “The Dream of a Ridiculous Man“ is also a misfit, a person functioning out of the margins of common society. His whole behavior and attitude set him apart from others in a conspicuous way. This process is permeated with themes of human absurdity and meaninglessness in life. Thus, creating allusions with the existentialist Camus‘ mindset and “The Myth of Sisyphus“ this work acquire even more colors.
The concept of absurdity is elaborated in “A Faint Heart“ too. The main character loses reason because he cannot handle the task that is given by the officer. However, the real reason for his disorder is the approach to happiness. Vasya does not see himself as the one who deserved happiness, especially personal. He accepts it as a collective object and is ravaged by the thought of having a personal approach to it if others remain suffering around him.
However, communication can heal too. Raskolnikov connects to Sonya and this link leads him to purification. It is a mystical connection making Raskolnikov a better human and bringing him to reconciliation with himself which was crucial after committing a crime.
Mystical connection is a definition that can be used in the communication of duke Mysckhin and Nastasya Filipovna as well. Some scholars tend to explain their connection in the terms of religious characters. They are interpreted as saviors of mankind, they came into society to save it. Their amalgamation is a necessary inseparable condition. ....
